7.3.1 Natural Selection

• What is the role of variation in natural selection?

  Differences in traits
• Inheritance is a key condition for natural selection.

  True
• Why is reproduction important for natural selection?

  To pass on genes
• Arrange the steps of the mechanism of natural selection in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Variation: Individuals within a population have different traits due to genetic differences.

  2️⃣ Inheritance: Traits can be passed from parents to offspring.

  3️⃣ Differential Survival: Organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

  4️⃣ Reproduction: Surviving organisms reproduce and pass on their beneficial genes to the next generation.
• Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of natural selection driven by exposure to antibiotics
• Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop genes that make them immune to antibiotics


  True
• Natural selection is the process where organisms with traits that better suit their environment are more likely to survive
• Heritability is a key condition for natural selection because traits must be passed from parents to offspring through genes.


  True
• Industrial melanism is an example of directional selection favoring the darker phenotype.
• Genetic variation is essential for natural selection because it provides the raw material for advantageous traits.


  True
• How does sexual reproduction contribute to genetic variation?

  Random pairing of parents
• Natural selection acts on existing variation, while other evolutionary mechanisms can introduce new genetic changes.
• Natural selection is the process where organisms with traits that better suit their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those beneficial traits to their offspring
• Differential survival occurs when organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
• Match the conditions of natural selection with their explanations:

  Variation ↔️ Individuals within a population differ in their traits.

  Heritability ↔️ Traits can be passed from parents to offspring.

  Differential Survival ↔️ Organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive.

  Reproductive Success ↔️ Surviving organisms reproduce and pass on their beneficial genes.
• What is industrial melanism an example of?

  Directional selection
• Industrial melanism is an example of directional selection favoring the darker phenotype.
• What environmental change drove the increase in darker moths during industrial melanism?

  Soot-covered trees
• Match the key components of natural selection with their explanations:

  Variation ↔️ Individuals have different traits due to genetic differences.

  Inheritance ↔️ Traits are passed from parents to offspring.

  Differential Survival ↔️ Organisms with advantageous traits reproduce more.

  Reproduction ↔️ Surviving organisms pass on beneficial genes.
• Steps of the natural selection mechanism:

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Inheritance

  3️⃣ Differential Survival

  4️⃣ Reproduction
• What is the result of antibiotic resistance in bacteria populations over time?

  Increase in resistant strains
• Mutation, a random change in DNA, is a process that introduces new genetic variants.
• Match the evolutionary mechanisms with their descriptions:

  Natural Selection ↔️ Advantageous traits increase survival and reproduction.

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Random changes in allele frequencies.

  Gene Flow ↔️ Transfer of genetic material between populations.

  Mutation ↔️ Random changes in DNA create new variants.
• Genetic drift can lead to the loss of genetic variation in small populations.


  True