5.3.1 Structure of neurons

• What are neurons and their role in the nervous system?

  Specialized cells, transmit information
• What is the function of dendrites in receiving signals?

  Receive signals from neurons
• The axon of a neuron transmits signals away from the cell body
• What determines if an action potential will be generated in a neuron?

  Integration of signals in soma
• What are the two types of signals used by neurons to transmit information?

  Electrical and chemical signals
• What is the role of axon terminals in neuronal communication?

  Release neurotransmitters
• The myelin sheath is interrupted by structures called Nodes of Ranvier
• What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

  Receive chemical signals
• Steps in signal transmission within a neuron

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on dendrites

  2️⃣ Electrical current travels to the soma

  3️⃣ Soma integrates signals

  4️⃣ Action potential is generated (if sufficient input)
• What happens when a neurotransmitter binds to receptors on dendrites?

  Generates electrical current
• The axon conducts action potentials away from the soma.


  True
• What are Nodes of Ranvier?

  Gaps in myelin sheath
• Order the steps of action potential propagation in a myelinated axon

  1️⃣ Action potential reaches a Node of Ranvier

  2️⃣ Depolarization occurs at the Node

  3️⃣ Action potential "jumps" to the next Node

  4️⃣ Process repeats until axon terminal
• Match the neuron part with its function:

  Soma ↔️ Integrates incoming signals

  Axon ↔️ Conducts electrical impulses

  Dendrites ↔️ Receive signals from other neurons

  Axon Terminals ↔️ Release neurotransmitters
• What is the function of axon terminals?

  Release neurotransmitters
• What structure conducts action potentials away from the cell body?

  Axon
• Dendrites transmit signals directly to the axon.

  False
• Match the conduction type with its description:

  Continuous Conduction ↔️ Action potential travels along the entire axon

  Saltatory Conduction ↔️ Action potential jumps between Nodes of Ranvier
• The main parts of a neuron include dendrites, soma, axon, and myelin sheath
• The soma integrates incoming signals.


  True
• How does the myelin sheath contribute to signal transmission?

  Speeds up signal transmission
• Dendrites receive signals at specialized sites called synapses
• Neurons transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.


  True
• The soma contains the nucleus and cellular organelles
• The myelin sheath insulates the axon, enabling faster signal transmission.

  True
• Dendrites receive chemical signals at specialized sites called synapses
• Dendrites protrude from the soma of a neuron.

  True
• The soma contains the nucleus
• Match the key concept with its description:

  Action Potential Propagation ↔️ Electrical impulse travels down the axon

  Myelin Sheath ↔️ Fatty insulation around the axon

  Nodes of Ranvier ↔️ Gaps in the myelin sheath

  Saltatory Conduction ↔️ Action potentials jump between Nodes of Ranvier
• In saltatory conduction, action potentials jump between Nodes
• Neurons transmit information using both electrical and chemical signals.

  True
• The soma contains the nucleus and cellular organelles
• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the soma.


  True
• The myelin sheath enables faster signal transmission through saltatory conduction
• Where in a neuron are signals integrated to determine whether an action potential is initiated?

  Soma
• The myelin sheath enables faster signal transmission through saltatory conduction