5.2.1 Structure and Function

• What is the primary function of the human nervous system?

  Receive, process, respond to stimuli
• The brain is part of the central nervous system.


  True
• What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

  Somatic and autonomic
• The human nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• The spinal cord connects the brain to the brainstem
• Neurotransmitters transmit signals across synapses
• Receiving sensory information is a key function of the nervous system.


  True
• What are the three key functions of the nervous system?

  Receiving, processing, coordinating
• Which part of the nervous system processes information and coordinates responses?

  Central Nervous System
• The cerebellum coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

  True
• Which region of the brain controls basic life functions like breathing and heart rate?

  Brainstem
• What are the two key functions of the peripheral nervous system?

  Receives sensory info, transmits signals
• What are the two main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  Brain and spinal cord
• The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord.
• What is one key function of the brain within the nervous system?

  Process sensory information
• Steps in the structure of the spinal cord from central to peripheral:

  1️⃣ Central Grey Matter

  2️⃣ Surrounding White Matter
• The spinal cord coordinates reflexes without brain involvement.
• The autonomic nervous system operates under subconscious control.


  True
• The autonomic nervous system regulates unconscious bodily functions.
• The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the involuntary control of internal organs and glands
• What type of neuron carries signals from the body to the CNS?

  Sensory neuron
• Motor neurons relay signals from the CNS to effector organs
• Match the division of the nervous system with its definition:

  Central Nervous System (CNS) ↔️ Includes the brain and spinal cord

  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ↔️ Connects the CNS to the body
• The CNS processes information and directs the body's responses
• Which part of the PNS receives sensory information from the body?

  Sensory organs
• What is the function of the cerebellum?

  Coordinates muscle movements
• The brain integrates sensory information to coordinate responses.


  True
• The spinal cord relays sensory and motor information between the brain and the body
• What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

  Brain and spinal cord
• The white matter of the spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and body.


  True
• What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?

  Voluntary control of muscles
• Match the nervous system branch with its components:

  Somatic Nervous System ↔️ Motor neurons

  Autonomic Nervous System ↔️ Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
• What is the direction of signal transmission in sensory neurons?

  Body to CNS
• Neurotransmitters transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

  True
• Match the neurotransmitter with its function:

  Acetylcholine ↔️ Muscle contraction, memory

  Dopamine ↔️ Pleasure, motivation

  Serotonin ↔️ Mood, sleep

  Norepinephrine ↔️ Alertness, stress response
• Effectors respond to signals from motor neurons by contracting or secreting substances
• What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• The nervous system coordinates responses through muscles and glands
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to the body.

  True
• The CNS acts as the control center, while the PNS serves as the communication network.