6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing

• What is transcription?

  Synthesizing RNA from DNA
• Transcription involves three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination
• Mature mRNA is crucial for directing protein synthesis
• What does RNA produced through transcription direct?

  Protein synthesis
• Match the feature with the correct polymerase:

  RNA Polymerase ↔️ Ribonucleotides

  DNA Polymerase ↔️ Deoxyribonucleotides
• Which polymerase has higher proofreading activity?

  DNA polymerase
• What type of nucleotides does RNA polymerase use?

  Ribonucleotides
• Arrange the steps of transcription in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Initiation

  2️⃣ Elongation

  3️⃣ Termination
• What signals the termination of transcription?

  Termination sequence
• What is the key component in the initiation phase of transcription?

  Promoter
• RNA polymerase is essential for transcription.


  True
• What are the three steps of pre-mRNA processing?

  5' capping, splicing, polyadenylation
• Order the steps of transcription:

  1️⃣ Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA.

  2️⃣ Elongation: RNA polymerase moves along DNA, synthesizing RNA.

  3️⃣ Termination: RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence and releases the RNA molecule.
• RNA polymerase is the key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of RNA
• DNA polymerase requires a primer, while RNA polymerase does not.

  True
• RNA polymerase has low proofreading activity compared to DNA polymerase.
• What is the purpose of transcription?

  Synthesize RNA
• RNA polymerase is the key enzyme in transcription.


  True
• RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate transcription.

  False
• RNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the growing RNA strand during elongation.


  True
• The 5' cap is a modified guanine nucleotide.
• What is added to the 3' end of mRNA during polyadenylation?

  Poly(A) tail
• Introns contribute to the amino acid sequence of the final protein.

  False
• The poly(A) tail helps in exporting mRNA from the nucleus.


  True
• Arrange the steps of pre-mRNA processing in the correct order.

  1️⃣ 5' Capping

  2️⃣ Splicing

  3️⃣ Polyadenylation
• Splicing removes introns from the pre-mRNA.


  True
• Exons are coding sequences in pre-mRNA.
• What protects the mature mRNA from degradation?

  5' cap