5.7.3 Oxidative phosphorylation

• The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen.

  True
• Protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
• What molecule drives the production of ATP through chemiosmosis?

  Proton gradient
• Steps involved in the electron transport chain and proton gradient formation

  1️⃣ Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed through protein complexes.

  2️⃣ Protons are actively pumped into the intermembrane space.

  3️⃣ A proton gradient is created, storing potential energy.

  4️⃣ ATP synthase uses the proton gradient to phosphorylate ADP.
• What does the chemiosmotic theory explain?

  ATP synthesis driven by a proton gradient
• Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria
• Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred through the ETC complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane
• What powers the rotation of ATP synthase during ATP production?

  Proton flow
• The proton gradient is created across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


  True
• The chemiosmotic theory explains how oxidation of organic molecules is converted into ATP.

  True
• The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient
• Steps in ATP synthase ATP generation

  1️⃣ Proton Gradient Formation

  2️⃣ Proton Flow through ATP Synthase

  3️⃣ ATP Production
• Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.


  True
• Oxidative phosphorylation produces approximately 36 ATP molecules.
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration.

  True
• Steps of the electron transport chain

  1️⃣ NADH and FADH2 donate electrons

  2️⃣ Electrons are transferred through protein complexes

  3️⃣ Protons are pumped across the membrane

  4️⃣ A proton gradient is created
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the main way cells produce ATP.


  True
• The proton gradient generated by the ETC drives ATP synthase.


  True
• ATP synthase generates ATP by utilizing the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain
• The proton gradient is created by pumping protons from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix.

  False
• Oxygen combines with protons to form water
• Match the role of oxygen with its importance in oxidative phosphorylation:

  Final electron acceptor ↔️ Allows electron flow

  Produces water ↔️ Maintains cell hydration

  Facilitates proton gradient ↔️ Needed for chemiosmosis
• What is oxidative phosphorylation?

  ATP production in mitochondria
• Where is the electron transport chain located?

  Inner mitochondrial membrane
• The electron transport chain pumps protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
• The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


  True
• Match the protein complex with its function:

  Complex I ↔️ NADH dehydrogenase

  Complex II ↔️ Succinate dehydrogenase

  Complex III ↔️ Cytochrome bc1 complex

  Complex IV ↔️ Cytochrome oxidase
• The proton gradient created by the electron transport chain drives ATP synthesis.

  True
• The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient
• Complex I in the electron transport chain pumps protons across the membrane.


  True
• Steps of ATP synthesis according to the chemiosmotic theory

  1️⃣ Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space by the ETC.

  2️⃣ A proton gradient is formed across the membrane.

  3️⃣ Protons flow through ATP synthase down their gradient.

  4️⃣ ATP is produced from ADP and Pi.
• What enzyme phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP?

  ATP synthase
• What is the significance of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration?

  Main way cells produce ATP
• Complex IV transfers electrons directly to oxygen to form water.


  True
• Match the protein complex with its function in proton pumping:

  Complex I ↔️ Oxidizes NADH

  Complex III ↔️ Transfers electrons from Q to cytochrome c

  Complex IV ↔️ Transfers electrons to oxygen
• What does the chemiosmotic theory explain?

  ATP production in mitochondria
• The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient by pumping protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane
• ATP synthase generates ATP by phosphorylating ADP.


  True
• Why is oxidative phosphorylation considered the most efficient stage of cellular respiration?

  It generates the most ATP
• Oxygen deficiency can lead to ATP production ceasing.

  True