5.4.1 Thermoregulation

• Thermoregulation is a key aspect of homeostasis
• Vasodilation near the skin surface increases blood flow, allowing heat to radiate
• What is the definition of thermoregulation?

  Maintaining a constant body temperature
• Maintaining a constant body temperature is crucial for the proper functioning of the body's cells and enzymes.


  True
• How does sweating contribute to heat loss in the human body?

  Evaporation of sweat cools the body
• Match the heat loss mechanism with its explanation:

  Sweating ↔️ Evaporation of sweat cools the body

  Vasodilation ↔️ Increases blood flow to the skin

  Radiation ↔️ Heat is emitted directly from the skin
• Shivering is a mechanism of heat gain in the human body.


  True
• The hypothalamus, located in the brain, acts as the body's thermostat.
• The hypothalamus uses negative feedback loops to maintain a stable body temperature.


  True
• Which heat loss mechanism involves the release of sweat by sweat glands?

  Sweating
• Why is maintaining a constant body temperature crucial for the body's cells and enzymes?

  Proper metabolic processes
• Match the heat loss mechanism with its explanation:

  Sweating ↔️ Evaporation of sweat cools the body

  Vasodilation ↔️ Blood vessels widen near the skin

  Radiation ↔️ Heat emitted in infrared waves
• The human body uses two main mechanisms to gain heat: blood flow and shivering
• What part of the brain acts as the body's thermostat in thermoregulation?

  Hypothalamus
• The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis when body temperature deviates from 37°C.

  True
• The nervous system triggers physiological responses to maintain a constant body temperature.

  True
• The endocrine system regulates longer-term adjustments to temperature changes through hormones.


  True
• What is thermoregulation?

  Maintaining constant body temperature
• What happens to blood flow to the skin during heat loss?

  Decreased blood flow
• What are three mechanisms of heat loss in the human body?

  Sweating, vasodilation, radiation
• How does increased blood flow to the skin contribute to heat gain?

  Warm blood is brought closer to the surface
• What does the hypothalamus trigger when the body needs to cool down?

  Sweating and vasodilation
• Steps involved in thermoregulation

  1️⃣ Body temperature deviates from normal range

  2️⃣ Thermoreceptors detect change

  3️⃣ Hypothalamus receives signals

  4️⃣ Hypothalamus triggers appropriate responses
• Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin, allowing heat to radiate out.
• The human body uses several mechanisms to lose heat, including sweating, vasodilation, and radiation
• Thermoregulation helps maintain a constant body temperature.


  True
• Heat loss mechanisms and heat gain mechanisms work in opposition to maintain homeostasis.


  True
• Match the thermoregulation mechanism with its action and pathway:

  Cooling ↔️ Activates sweating; sends signals via autonomic nervous system

  Heating ↔️ Induces shivering; stimulates muscle contractions
• Thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus
• What is the role of thyroid hormones in thermoregulation?

  Increase metabolic rate
• Adrenaline triggers vasoconstriction and shivering
• Match the thermoregulation mechanism with whether it contributes to heat gain or heat loss:

  Blood flow to skin ↔️ Heat gain or loss

  Sweating ↔️ Heat loss

  Shivering ↔️ Heat gain
• The evaporation of sweat from the skin surface cools the body
• Shivering is a mechanism of heat loss in the body.

  False
• The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate responses to ensure homeostasis
• What is thermoregulation essential for in the body?

  Homeostasis
• Shivering involves muscle contractions to generate heat.


  True
• Match the heat loss mechanism with its explanation:

  Sweating ↔️ Evaporation of sweat cools the body

  Vasodilation ↔️ Blood vessels widen, increasing heat loss

  Radiation ↔️ Emission of heat in infrared waves
• Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin, allowing heat to radiate out.


  True
• Increased blood flow to the skin transfers heat from the blood to the surrounding tissue