5.3.7 Infertility Treatments

• Irregular or absent ovulation is a cause of infertility in females.

  True
• What is endometriosis, and how does it affect fertility?

  Abnormal tissue growth outside uterus
• Assisted Reproductive Technology includes procedures such as IVF and ICSI
• Steps involved in in vitro fertilization (IVF)

  1️⃣ Ovarian stimulation

  2️⃣ Egg retrieval

  3️⃣ Fertilization

  4️⃣ Embryo culture

  5️⃣ Embryo transfer
• What genetic factors can affect fertility in males?

  Affect sperm production
• Ovarian stimulation in IVF involves the use of fertility medications.


  True
• In the final step of IVF, one or more embryos are transferred into the woman's uterus
• What does IVF stand for in assisted reproductive technology?

  In vitro fertilization
• IVF bypasses issues with egg or sperm production and transport
• HRT is administered through various forms, including pills, patches, and creams
• Match the benefits with the risks of HRT:

  Reduces menopausal symptoms ↔️ Increased risk of blood clots

  Prevents osteoporosis ↔️ Slightly elevated risk of breast cancer
• Ovulation problems in females can include irregular or absent ovulation
• Order the steps involved in IVF

  1️⃣ Ovarian Stimulation

  2️⃣ Egg Retrieval

  3️⃣ Fertilization

  4️⃣ Embryo Culture

  5️⃣ Embryo Transfer
• ART allows fertilization to occur in a laboratory, bypassing issues with egg or sperm production
• What is the first step in the IVF process?

  Ovarian stimulation
• What is the purpose of ovarian stimulation in IVF?

  Produce mature eggs
• During fertilization in IVF, the retrieved eggs are combined with sperm in a laboratory dish.


  True
• In the final step of IVF, one or more embryos are transferred into the woman's uterus
• What is the primary use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

  Supplement hormone levels
• Progesterone is often combined with estrogen in HRT to protect the uterus from estrogen-related thickening of the uterine lining.


  True
• HRT can be administered through pills, patches, or creams
• Match the benefits of HRT with its potential risks:

  Reduces menopausal symptoms ↔️ Increased risk of blood clots

  Prevents osteoporosis ↔️ Elevated risk of breast cancer

  Improves mood and sleep quality ↔️ Potential cardiovascular issues
• The high cost of treatments like IVF is one of its main disadvantages
• What is one of the emotional stresses associated with infertility treatments?

  Physical stress
• What is the definition of infertility in humans?

  Inability to conceive naturally
• Fallopian tube blockage prevents egg transport
• Sperm motility issues can cause infertility in males.


  True
• Which hormone is commonly used in hormonal treatments to stimulate ovulation?

  Clomiphene citrate
• Low sperm count is a common cause of male infertility.


  True
• IVF bypasses issues with egg or sperm transport
• How are eggs retrieved from the ovaries during IVF?

  Surgical procedure
• Steps involved in in vitro fertilization (IVF)

  1️⃣ Ovarian Stimulation

  2️⃣ Egg Retrieval

  3️⃣ Fertilization

  4️⃣ Embryo Culture

  5️⃣ Embryo Transfer
• What are the primary hormones used in HRT?

  Estrogen and progesterone
• HRT can prevent osteoporosis by maintaining bone density.

  True
• What is the definition of infertility?

  Inability to conceive after one year
• Sperm motility issues can affect male fertility.


  True
• What is the primary purpose of hormonal treatments in fertility?

  Regulate or stimulate ovulation
• Match the surgical fertility treatment with its purpose:

  Tubal ligation reversal ↔️ Restores egg transport

  Varicocele repair ↔️ Improves sperm quality
• Steps involved in in vitro fertilization (IVF)

  1️⃣ Ovarian Stimulation

  2️⃣ Egg Retrieval

  3️⃣ Fertilization

  4️⃣ Embryo Culture

  5️⃣ Embryo Transfer
• The eggs are surgically removed from the woman's ovaries during the egg retrieval