5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype

• What does the term "phenotype" refer to in biology?

  Observable characteristics of an organism
• The phenotype is affected by both genotype and environmental factors.


  True
• Arrange the steps of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology in the correct order:

  1️⃣ DNA Replication

  2️⃣ Transcription

  3️⃣ Translation
• What molecule is produced during translation?

  Protein
• The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of genetic information
• What shapes the phenotype of an organism?

  Genotype and environment
• Match the process of the Central Dogma with its description:

  DNA Replication ↔️ DNA makes copies of itself

  Transcription ↔️ DNA is transcribed into RNA

  Translation ↔️ RNA is translated into proteins
• Which enzyme synthesizes mRNA during transcription?

  RNA polymerase
• Heritable traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes.


  True
• What is an example of a heritable trait in humans?

  Eye color
• Match the environmental factor with its effect on phenotype:

  Temperature ↔️ Affects enzymatic activity

  Light ↔️ Influences photosynthesis

  Nutrients ↔️ Impacts size and vigor

  Chemical Exposure ↔️ Can cause mutations
• What does the term "genotype" refer to?

  Genetic makeup
• A genotype includes all the genes an organism carries.

  True
• What does the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describe?

  Flow of genetic information
• During DNA replication, DNA makes copies of itself
• Proteins are synthesized during translation.


  True
• Non-heritable traits are solely influenced by environmental
• How does temperature affect enzymatic activity in organisms?

  Alters growth rate
• What can nutrient deficiencies lead to in organisms?

  Developmental abnormalities
• How does temperature affect the color of hydrangea flowers?

  Blue in acidic, cool soils
• Environmental factors interact with an organism's genotype to produce its phenotype.


  True
• Height is influenced by genes but also by adequate nutrition
• What does the term "genotype" refer to in biology?

  Genetic makeup of an organism
• The genotype is primarily affected by environmental factors.

  False
• What molecule is produced during transcription?

  RNA
• DNA replication ensures the transmission of genetic information.


  True
• What determines the genotype of an organism?

  Inheritance
• The phenotype includes an organism's behavior and physiology.


  True
• The genotype includes all the proteins carried by an organism.

  False
• Which enzyme is involved in DNA replication?

  DNA polymerase
• Which cellular structure reads mRNA during translation?

  Ribosome
• Non-heritable traits are influenced solely by genetic inheritance.

  False
• What is an example of a non-heritable trait in humans?

  Skills learned
• What environmental factor affects the color of hydrangeas?

  Soil acidity
• The observable characteristics of an organism are referred to as its phenotype
• Match the biological term with its definition:

  Phenotype ↔️ Observable characteristics

  Genotype ↔️ Genetic makeup
• Steps in the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

  1️⃣ DNA Replication

  2️⃣ Transcription

  3️⃣ Translation
• What type of RNA is produced during transcription?

  mRNA
• What is the primary determinant of heritable traits?

  Genes
• Match the trait type with its example:

  Heritable Trait ↔️ Eye color

  Non-Heritable Trait ↔️ Skills learned