5.3.4 Human Reproduction

• The ovaries produce eggs and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
• What is another name for the uterus?

  Womb
• The oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes.


  True
• The cervix is the opening of the uterus that connects to the vagina
• What is the function of the vas deferens?

  Transport sperm
• The menstrual cycle has four phases: menstruation, follicular, ovulation, and luteal
• What happens to estrogen and progesterone levels during menstruation?

  Levels are low
• Which hormone rises during the luteal phase to prepare the uterus for implantation?

  Progesterone
• What is the role of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

  Birth canal
• Match the female reproductive structure with its function:

  Ovaries ↔️ Produce eggs and hormones

  Oviducts ↔️ Transport eggs to uterus

  Uterus ↔️ Fertilized egg implantation

  Vagina ↔️ Birth canal
• The female reproductive system includes structures like the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries.


  True
• The vas deferens transports sperm from the testes to the urethra
• Stages of the menstrual cycle in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Menstruation

  2️⃣ Follicular

  3️⃣ Ovulation

  4️⃣ Luteal
• Why does the uterine lining thicken during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

  To prepare for implantation
• What is the name of the single cell formed after fertilization?

  Zygote
• Implantation occurs when the zygote attaches to the thickened uterine lining.


  True
• The placenta connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord
• The embryo/fetus is nourished and protected by the placenta
• Stages of prenatal development after fertilization

  1️⃣ Embryonic stage

  2️⃣ Fetal stage
• What hormone is produced by the ovaries during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

  Estrogen
• The uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops during pregnancy.

  True
• Which hormones are at their lowest levels during menstruation?

  Estrogen and progesterone
• Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase to prepare the uterus for implantation.


  True
• The fusion of a sperm and egg results in the formation of a zygote.
• What are the two main stages of prenatal development after fertilization and implantation?

  Embryonic and fetal
• Major organs and body structures begin to form during the embryonic stage.


  True
• The key hormones controlling female reproduction are estrogen and progesterone
• Order the stages of the menstrual cycle based on hormone levels:

  1️⃣ Menstruation: Low estrogen, low progesterone

  2️⃣ Follicular: Estrogen rises, progesterone low

  3️⃣ Ovulation: Estrogen peaks, progesterone low

  4️⃣ Luteal: Estrogen declines, progesterone rises
• Testosterone stimulates the development of male secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair.


  True
• Match the contraception method with its description:

  Hormonal birth control ↔️ Prevents ovulation

  Barrier methods ↔️ Blocks sperm from reaching the egg

  Sterilization ↔️ Permanently blocks reproductive tubes
• What is the primary focus of reproductive health?

  Maintaining reproductive system health
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) must be treated to avoid complications
• The testes produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone
• The prostate gland produces a fluid that mixes with sperm to form semen.

  True
• Order the stages of the menstrual cycle.

  1️⃣ Menstruation

  2️⃣ Follicular phase

  3️⃣ Ovulation

  4️⃣ Luteal phase
• During ovulation, estrogen peaks and triggers a surge of the hormone LH
• What is the function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?

  Connects uterus to vagina
• The female reproductive structures enable reproduction from egg production to fetal development.


  True
• The cervix is the opening of the uterus that connects to the vagina
• Which male reproductive structure produces sperm?

  Testes