5.2.2 Ethical issues:

• What are ethical issues in computing?

  Moral dilemmas from technology
• Data security risks include hacking and malware.


  True
• Social impact in computing includes effects on employment, social interactions, and the environment
• What is data collection in the context of privacy concerns?

  Gathering user information
• Common ethical issues in computing

  1️⃣ Privacy

  2️⃣ Security

  3️⃣ Intellectual Property

  4️⃣ Social Impact
• Hacking involves unauthorized access to computer systems.


  True
• Why is data security ethically important?

  Prevents harm and loss
• Copyright laws prevent unauthorized copying of software.

  True
• Copyright laws grant creators exclusive rights over the use and distribution of their work
• Match the purpose of intellectual property rights with their description:

  Encourage innovation ↔️ Reward inventors and creators

  Prevent unauthorized use ↔️ Protect copyrighted works
• Copyright protection generally lasts for the creator's lifetime plus 70 years.
• Ethical issues in computing often involve conflicts between the benefits of technology and potential harm to individuals, society, and the environment
• Balancing technology benefits with individual rights is essential in ethical computer science practice.


  True
• Extensive gathering of user data through online activities is known as data collection.
• What is the main focus of data security?

  Protection of data from threats
• Respecting intellectual property rights supports creativity and fairness.


  True
• Copyright duration typically lasts the creator's lifetime plus 70 years.
• Algorithmic bias refers to the unfair or discriminatory outcomes produced by algorithms.
• Match the type of algorithmic bias with its description:

  Representation Bias ↔️ Underrepresentation in training data

  Measurement Bias ↔️ Inaccurate or incomplete data

  Aggregation Bias ↔️ Failure to account for differences within groups

  Feedback Loop Bias ↔️ Perpetuation of historical biases
• Accessibility in computing ensures technology can be used by people of all abilities.
• Match the accessibility strategy with its benefit:

  Keyboard Navigation ↔️ Motor impairment access

  Screen Readers ↔️ Auditory access for visually impaired

  Adjustable Text ↔️ Improved readability for visual disabilities
• High energy consumption by data centers contributes to environmental damage.
• Digital divide refers to the gap between those with and without access to modern ICT.
• Match the ethical dimension of the digital divide with its implication:

  Inequality ↔️ Exacerbation of social disparities

  Justice ↔️ Fair access to digital resources

  Opportunity ↔️ Limited educational and economic prospects
• Privacy concerns in computing relate to the collection, storage, and use of personal data
• Match the ethical issue with its description:

  Privacy ↔️ Collection and use of personal data

  Security ↔️ Risks of cybercrime

  Intellectual Property ↔️ Copyright and piracy issues

  Social Impact ↔️ Effects on employment and society
• Privacy concerns include data sharing with third parties without consent.

  True
• Surveillance involves the monitoring of user behavior and communications
• What is data security in computing?

  Protecting data from threats
• Phishing is a deceptive attempt to obtain personal information
• Match the intellectual property right with its description:

  Copyright ↔️ Protects creative works

  Patent ↔️ Protects inventions

  Trademark ↔️ Distinguishes products

  Trade Secret ↔️ Confidential business information
• What are intellectual property rights designed to protect?

  Creative works and inventions
• Copyright laws primarily focus on protecting creative works.


  True
• Why is respecting intellectual property rights considered ethically important in computer science?

  Ensures fair compensation for creators
• Match the ethical issue with its description:

  Privacy ↔️ Concerns about personal data use

  Security ↔️ Risks of cybercrime and malware

  Intellectual Property ↔️ Protection of creative works

  Social Impact ↔️ Effects on employment and society
• What is the primary ethical concern of privacy in computing?

  Collection, storage, and use of personal data
• Order the key privacy concerns in digital environments:

  1️⃣ Data Collection

  2️⃣ Data Storage

  3️⃣ Data Sharing

  4️⃣ Surveillance
• Unauthorized access to computer systems is called hacking.
• Copyright laws, a key aspect of intellectual property rights, grant creators exclusive control over their creative works
• Respecting intellectual property rights supports creativity and fairness.


  True