2.2.4 Coronary Heart Disease: A Non-Communicable Disease

• Which lifestyle factor increases cholesterol levels and promotes plaque buildup in coronary arteries?

  Poor diet
• A poor diet increases cholesterol levels, leading to plaque buildup in the coronary arteries
• Addressing risk factors like diet and exercise can prevent and manage CHD.


  True
• The upper chambers of the heart, known as the atria, receive blood
• What is the effect of atherosclerosis on blood vessels in CHD?

  Narrowing and hardening
• What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) caused by?

  Plaque buildup in arteries
• Steps leading to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

  1️⃣ Plaque buildup in coronary arteries (atherosclerosis)

  2️⃣ Arteries narrow and harden

  3️⃣ Blood flow to the heart is restricted
• The buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries is known as atherosclerosis
• CHD is a non-communicable disease because it is contagious.

  False
• What are the main risk factors associated with CHD?

  Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking
• How does a poor diet contribute to CHD?

  Increases cholesterol levels
• High blood pressure increases the strain on the heart and blood vessels.
• What is the term for the plaque buildup in coronary arteries that causes CHD?

  Atherosclerosis
• CHD is a communicable disease that can spread from person to person

  False
• Non-communicable diseases develop over time due to a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors
• CHD is a non-communicable disease, meaning it is not transmitted from person
• Atherosclerosis restricts blood flow to the heart.


  True
• What is a non-communicable disease (NCD)?

  Not spread from person to person
• The effect of atherosclerosis on blood flow is that it restricts it to the heart.
• Match the risk factor with its effect:

  Poor diet ↔️ Increased cholesterol levels

  Lack of exercise ↔️ Reduced cardiovascular fitness

  Smoking ↔️ Damage to blood vessels

  High blood pressure ↔️ Increased strain on heart
• Smoking increases the risk of blood clotting.


  True
• What does family history indicate in relation to CHD?

  Genetic predisposition to CHD
• Atherosclerosis, caused by plaque buildup, reduces blood flow to the heart muscle
• What is the primary cause of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

  Atherosclerosis
• CHD is infectious and can be transmitted through direct contact.

  False
• Steps in the development of CHD due to smoking:

  1️⃣ Smoking damages blood vessel lining

  2️⃣ Increased blood clot formation

  3️⃣ Accelerated plaque buildup
• What are the lower chambers of the heart called that pump blood out of the heart?

  Ventricles
• The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the body.


  True
• Reduced blood flow due to atherosclerosis can cause chest pain, also known as angina
• What is the primary symptom of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

  Chest pain (angina)
• A heart attack occurs when part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies due to lack of oxygen.


  True
• Chest pain associated with CHD is often triggered by physical activity or stress
• Which diagnostic methods are used to detect CHD?

  Physical exam, blood tests, ECG, stress tests, imaging tests
• What type of imaging techniques can visualize the heart?

  X-rays, CT scans, MRI
• Match the causes of CHD with their effects:

  Atherosclerosis ↔️ Reduced blood flow to heart muscle

  Poor diet ↔️ Increased cholesterol levels
• What lifestyle factors contribute to CHD risk?

  Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking
• Match the risk factors of CHD with their effects:

  Smoking ↔️ Damages blood vessel lining

  High blood pressure ↔️ Strains blood vessels
• Lack of exercise reduces cardiovascular fitness and increases weight gain.


  True
• High blood pressure strains blood vessels and the heart, contributing to plaque buildup.


  True
• Family history is a genetic predisposition to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).

  True