5.3.2 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What is homeostasis?

  Constant internal environment
• The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon.


  True
• Steps of the negative feedback mechanism for blood glucose regulation

  1️⃣ Blood glucose levels rise

  2️⃣ Pancreas releases insulin

  3️⃣ Cells absorb glucose from blood

  4️⃣ Blood glucose levels decrease

  5️⃣ Glucagon release is inhibited
• Blood glucose levels above 110 mg/dL are termed hyperglycemia.
• Maintaining normal blood glucose levels is crucial for the body's energy needs.
• Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose:

  Insulin ↔️ Lowers blood glucose

  Glucagon ↔️ Increases blood glucose
• What is the normal fasting range for blood glucose levels?

  70-110 mg/dL
• Maintaining normal blood glucose levels ensures a steady supply of energy to cells.


  True
• Insulin is secreted when blood glucose levels are high.
• Insulin promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage.

  True
• Insulin inhibits the release of glucose from the liver.
• What is the term for blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL?

  Hypoglycemia
• Insulin increases cell permeability to glucose.
• Insulin facilitates glucose storage by stimulating the conversion of glucose to glycogen
• When is glucagon secreted by the pancreas?

  Low blood glucose levels
• Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver to release glucose into the blood.


  True
• Steps in the negative feedback mechanism for blood glucose regulation

  1️⃣ Sensor detects changes in blood glucose levels

  2️⃣ Pancreas acts as the control center

  3️⃣ Insulin lowers blood glucose, glucagon raises it

  4️⃣ Blood glucose is restored to normal range
• Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels are higher than 110 mg/dL.
• Hypoglycemia can lead to impaired cell function due to a lack of glucose.


  True
• Which two hormones does the pancreas produce to regulate blood glucose levels?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

  Increases blood glucose
• Match the hormone with its function:

  Insulin ↔️ Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

  Glucagon ↔️ Stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver
• What is the normal range for body temperature in humans?

  36.5-37.5 °C
• Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake by cells.


  True
• What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

  Lower blood glucose
• Insulin inhibits glucose release from the liver by decreasing glycogen breakdown.


  True
• Glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
• What is the primary goal of negative feedback mechanisms in the body?

  Maintain homeostasis
• The healthy blood glucose range is between 70-110 mg/dL.

  True
• What are two potential causes of hypoglycemia?

  Excessive insulin, insufficient glucose
• Match the blood glucose imbalance with its correct symptom:

  Hyperglycemia ↔️ Increased thirst

  Hypoglycemia ↔️ Dizziness