4.2 Exploring Syntax and Sentence Structure

• A group of words that contains a subject and verb is called a clause
• Match the type of group with its example:

  Phrase ↔️ "in the park"

  Clause ↔️ "she sings"
• A simple sentence consists of one independent clause
• What type of sentence is: "When it rains, I stay indoors."?

  Complex
• What are the four basic sentence types?

  Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
• What joins two independent clauses in a compound sentence?

  Coordinating conjunction or semicolon
• A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
• A dependent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.

  False
• "The sun shines brightly" is an example of an independent clause.
• What does a simple sentence express?

  A single complete thought
• What are the three coordinating conjunctions commonly used in compound sentences?

  And, but, or
• Dependent clauses in complex sentences are introduced by subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns.
• Syntax refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence to create grammatically correct and clear meaning.
• What is the key difference between phrases and clauses?

  Phrases lack a subject and verb
• A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb.
• A complex sentence includes one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
• A simple sentence contains one independent clause
• Compound sentences express two or more complete thoughts.


  True
• What is the purpose of parallelism in writing?

  Create emphasis and balance
• What is the effect of medium-length sentences in writing?

  Balanced rhythm
• Arrange the effects of different sentence lengths in writing

  1️⃣ Short sentences: Create urgency or emphasis

  2️⃣ Medium sentences: Provide balanced rhythm

  3️⃣ Long sentences: Convey depth and complexity
• Short sentences can create a sense of urgency or emphasis
• Medium sentences allow for more detailed explanation
• Long sentences can include more clauses and details than short sentences.


  True
• What is the primary purpose of punctuation in writing?

  Clarify meaning
• What type of clauses do semicolons connect in a sentence?

  Independent clauses
• Match the punctuation mark with its effect on syntax:

  Commas ↔️ Separate clauses

  Semicolons ↔️ Connect independent clauses

  Periods ↔️ End declarative sentences
• Dashes are used to add emphasis or interjections
• Arrange the components of sentence structure in a logical order:

  1️⃣ Word Order

  2️⃣ Phrases

  3️⃣ Clauses

  4️⃣ Sentences
• In the sentence "I enjoy eating ice cream," the phrase "eating ice cream" functions as the object
• Match the sentence type with its structure:

  Simple ↔️ One independent clause

  Compound ↔️ Two independent clauses

  Complex ↔️ One independent clause + one dependent clause

  Compound-Complex ↔️ Two independent clauses + one dependent clause
• What two elements must a clause contain?

  Subject and verb
• Dependent clauses require an independent clause to form a complete sentence
• Compound sentences use coordinating conjunctions to join independent clauses.


  True
• What is the primary characteristic of a simple sentence?

  One independent clause
• A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.


  True
• Which conjunctions introduce dependent clauses in complex sentences?

  Subordinating conjunctions
• Parallelism creates balance and rhythm by using similar grammatical structures.


  True
• Medium sentences provide a balanced rhythm and allow for more detailed explanation
• Match the punctuation mark with its effect on syntax:

  Commas ↔️ Separate clauses or phrases

  Semicolons ↔️ Connect independent clauses

  Periods ↔️ End declarative sentences

  Colons ↔️ Introduce lists or explanations