5.2.1 Structure and Function

• Nerve impulses travel down the axon
• What is the role of the central nervous system?

  Process information
• The somatic nervous system controls involuntary actions.

  False
• The human nervous system maintains homeostasis
• Match the component of the nervous system with its main part:

  Central Nervous System ↔️ Brain

  Peripheral Nervous System ↔️ Nerves
• The nervous system receives and processes stimuli to maintain homeostasis.


  True
• The peripheral nervous system transmits signals from the CNS to the body.


  True
• What is the function of the cell body (soma) in a neuron?

  Maintain cellular functions
• What is the charge state of a neuron during resting potential?

  Negative inside
• Potassium ions exit the cell during repolarization to restore the negative charge.


  True
• The human nervous system is composed of two main components
• The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system work independently to control the body's functions.

  False
• Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system
• Dendrites are responsible for transmitting signals away from the neuron.

  False
• Match the neuron structure with its function:

  Cell Body (Soma) ↔️ Maintains cellular functions

  Dendrites ↔️ Receives signals

  Axon ↔️ Transmits signals

  Synapses ↔️ Communication between neurons
• Steps in the transmission of nerve impulses

  1️⃣ Resting Potential

  2️⃣ Depolarization

  3️⃣ Repolarization

  4️⃣ Neurotransmitter Release
• What ions are involved in depolarization and repolarization, respectively?

  Sodium and potassium
• Match the neuron type with its function:

  Sensory Neurons ↔️ Transmit sensory information

  Motor Neurons ↔️ Transmit motor commands

  Interneurons ↔️ Connect sensory and motor neurons
• Interneurons act as intermediaries to connect and coordinate sensory and motor pathways within the CNS
• The CNS is responsible for maintaining coordination and homeostasis.

  True
• Main functions of the PNS

  1️⃣ Transmitting Sensory Information

  2️⃣ Transmitting Motor Commands

  3️⃣ Coordinating Reflexes
• One of the main functions of the PNS is transmitting motor commands from the CNS to effector organs
• What type of actions does the PNS help coordinate?

  Reflex actions
• What is the human nervous system?

  A communication network
• The two main components of the human nervous system are the central and the peripheral
• What is the role of the dendrites in a neuron?

  Receive signals
• Sensory neurons transmit signals from the CNS to the body.

  False
• The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the rest of the body
• What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

  Sympathetic and parasympathetic
• The brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system.


  True
• What is one of the key roles of the nervous system?

  Coordination
• The central nervous system processes information using the brain and spinal cord
• Steps in nerve impulse transmission

  1️⃣ Electrical impulse travels down axon

  2️⃣ Neurotransmitters are released at synapse

  3️⃣ Chemicals bind to receptors on next neuron

  4️⃣ Signal continues along pathway
• Synapses are gaps where communication occurs between neurons
• The axon is a slender extension that transmits signals to other cells.


  True
• During depolarization, sodium ions rush into the cell, making the inside positive
• Where are neurotransmitters released in a neuron?

  Synapse
• What are the main parts of the central nervous system (CNS)?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

  Connects CNS to body
• What is the function of the cell body (soma) in a neuron?

  Maintains cellular functions