4.6 Cell Cycle

• The longest phase of the cell cycle is interphase
• What occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?

  Cell growth and organelle synthesis
• Match the stage of mitosis with its key event:

  Prophase ↔️ Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down

  Metaphase ↔️ Chromosomes align at the equator

  Anaphase ↔️ Sister chromatids separate

  Telophase ↔️ Nuclear envelopes reform
• In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis
• Cytokinesis ensures each daughter cell receives necessary cytoplasm and organelles

  True
• What is the outcome of DNA replication in the S phase?

  Chromosome duplication
• During the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins
• Arrange the stages of mitosis in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Prophase

  2️⃣ Metaphase

  3️⃣ Anaphase

  4️⃣ Telophase
• In anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
• Match the mechanism of cytokinesis with the cell type it occurs in.

  Cleavage furrow ↔️ Animal cells

  Cell plate ↔️ Plant cells
• Cytokinesis is crucial for completing cell division and ensuring each daughter cell has the necessary cytoplasm
• Match the cell cycle checkpoint with its corresponding stage and regulatory molecules.

  G1 Checkpoint ↔️ End of G1 phase, Cyclin D-Cdk4/6

  G2 Checkpoint ↔️ End of G2 phase, Cyclin B-Cdk1

  M Checkpoint ↔️ Late Metaphase, Mitotic Cyclin B-Cdk1
• Failure in cell cycle control mechanisms can lead to unregulated cell division and tumor formation.

  True
• Cancer cells exhibit poor differentiation and accumulate genetic mutations.


  True
• What is the cell cycle?

  Series of growth and division
• Stages of interphase in order

  1️⃣ G1 Phase

  2️⃣ S Phase

  3️⃣ G2 Phase
• The G2 phase ensures the cell is ready for mitosis
• Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division


  True
• Match the aspect with the type of cell:

  Cleavage furrow ↔️ Animal cell

  Cell plate ↔️ Plant cell
• During interphase, DNA is replicated in the S phase.
• What are the three stages of interphase?

  G1, S, and G2 phases
• The G2 phase is when the cell finalizes preparations for mitosis and checks for errors.


  True
• During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equator and attach to spindle fibers.

  True
• What is the final result of mitosis in terms of daughter cells?

  Two genetically identical cells
• What structure grows outward from the middle of the cell during cytokinesis in plant cells?

  Cell plate
• Growth factors stimulate cell growth and DNA replication during the cell cycle.

  True
• Cell cycle checkpoints monitor the cell's progress and halt division if conditions are not met.
• Normal cells have functional checkpoints, while cancer cells have faulty checkpoints.
• Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells


  True
• DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase

  True
• What is the purpose of mitosis?

  Genetic material segregation
• What structure forms in plant cells during cytokinesis?

  Cell plate
• What are the three major phases of the cell cycle?

  Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
• The G1 phase involves cell growth and protein synthesis

  True
• What occurs during the S phase of interphase?

  DNA replication
• What happens to chromosomes during prophase?

  They condense and become visible
• What reforms around the separated chromosomes during telophase?

  Nuclear envelopes
• In animal cells, microfilaments contract to pinch the cell in half during cytokinesis.


  True
• What are the regulatory molecules that drive the cell through phases during the cell cycle?

  Cyclins and Cdks
• What are the key concerns monitored at the G1 checkpoint?

  Cell size, nutrients, DNA integrity