3.2.1 Understanding low-level languages:

• What is the level of abstraction in low-level languages?

  Minimal
• Arrange the key differences between low-level and high-level languages based on their level of abstraction, ease of use, and control.

  1️⃣ Low-level languages have minimal abstraction.

  2️⃣ High-level languages have high abstraction.

  3️⃣ Low-level languages are difficult to use.

  4️⃣ High-level languages are easy to use.

  5️⃣ Low-level languages provide extensive control.

  6️⃣ High-level languages provide limited control.
• High-level languages require programmers to manage memory manually.

  False
• Low-level languages provide minimal abstraction from the computer's hardware
• Machine language is easy to write and read compared to assembly language.

  False
• Low-level languages allow for precise optimization of code
• What is the role of manual memory management in low-level languages?

  Resource conservation
• Assembly language is an example of a low-level language.


  True
• Low-level languages require manual memory management by the programmer.


  True
• What type of memory management do high-level languages use?

  Automatic
• Match the characteristic with its correct description in assembly language:

  Direct control ↔️ Provides access to hardware

  One-to-one mapping ↔️ Assembly instruction to machine code

  Mnemonic instructions ↔️ Represent machine code operations
• Low-level languages require manual memory management, while high-level languages use automatic memory management.
• What is the lowest-level programming language?

  Machine language
• Machine language is highly efficient but difficult to write and read.


  True
• Low-level languages provide direct access to hardware components.
• What is a major disadvantage of using low-level languages in terms of portability?

  Limited portability
• Low-level languages are used in performance-critical systems like real-time applications.

  True
• Low-level languages are preferred when the highest levels of performance, control, and hardware-specific optimization are necessary.


  True
• Low-level programming languages require programmers to manage memory and processor instructions directly
• Low-level languages use automatic memory management.

  False
• Low-level programming languages are closer to machine
• What are two examples of low-level programming languages?

  Assembly and machine code
• What type of instructions does machine language use?

  Binary
• Match the language feature with its corresponding programming language:

  Minimal abstraction ↔️ Machine Language

  Efficient performance ↔️ Assembly Language

  Automatic memory management ↔️ High-Level Languages
• Low-level languages provide direct access to hardware components.


  True
• What is minimal abstraction in low-level programming languages?

  Minimal abstraction from hardware
• How does abstraction differ between low-level and high-level languages?

  Minimal vs. high
• Low-level languages are more difficult to use compared to high-level languages.
• Low-level languages require programmers to manage memory and processor instructions directly.
• What is the role of mnemonic instructions in assembly language?

  Represent machine code operations
• Assembly language has a one-to-one mapping between instructions and machine code.

  True
• Machine language consists of binary instructions that directly control the computer's hardware.
• What is one advantage of using low-level languages in terms of efficiency?

  Faster execution
• Resource conservation is a key benefit of low-level languages due to manual memory management.

  True
• Low-level languages are more time-consuming to write and debug compared to high-level languages.
• Why are low-level languages used for hardware-specific optimization?

  Direct access to hardware