1.2.8 Interpretation of spirometer trace

• A spirometer trace is a graphical representation of the volumes of air moved in and out of the lungs during breathing
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a maximal expiration.

  False
• The components of a spirometer trace provide information about the lung's capacity to hold and move air
• Which volume is the extra air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration?

  Expiratory Reserve Volume
• What is a spirometer trace used to represent?

  Volumes of air moved
• What is the definition of Tidal Volume (TV)?

  Volume of air breathed
• What volume of air remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration?

  Residual Volume
• Match the volume with its definition:

  Tidal Volume (TV) ↔️ Air breathed in normal breathing

  Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) ↔️ Extra air inhaled after normal inspiration

  Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) ↔️ Extra air exhaled after normal expiration

  Residual Volume (RV) ↔️ Air remaining after maximal expiration
• Vital Capacity (VC) is calculated as TV + IRV + ERV
• The Vital Capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation
• What is Inspiratory Capacity (IC) calculated as?

  TV + IRV
• What is the calculation for Vital Capacity (VC)?

  TV + IRV + ERV
• What is the calculation for Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

  ERV + RV
• What does a normal Total Lung Capacity (TLC) indicate?

  Healthy lung function
• The Tidal Volume is the volume of air breathed in and out during maximal breathing.

  False
• The Expiratory Reserve Volume is the extra volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration
• The Tidal Volume is the volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing
• Order the lung capacities from largest to smallest based on their typical values:

  1️⃣ Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

  2️⃣ Vital Capacity (VC)

  3️⃣ Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

  4️⃣ Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
• A normal Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is always indicative of perfect respiratory health.

  False
• What does a normal TLC indicate about lung function?

  Healthy lung function
• The residual volume supports continuous gas exchange in the lungs.

  True
• During normal breathing, the residual volume ensures that there is always air in the lungs, which maintains alveolar stability
• Match the lung volume with its definition:

  Tidal Volume (TV) ↔️ Volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing

  Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) ↔️ Extra volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration

  Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) ↔️ Extra volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration
• Lung volumes are used to calculate lung capacities such as vital capacity and total lung capacity.


  True
• Match the lung volume with its correct abbreviation:

  Tidal Volume ↔️ TV

  Inspiratory Reserve Volume ↔️ IRV

  Expiratory Reserve Volume ↔️ ERV

  Residual Volume ↔️ RV
• The lung volumes provide information about the lung's capacity to hold and move air during breathing.


  True
• What four lung volumes are added to calculate total lung capacity?

  TV, IRV, ERV, RV
• What is the formula for calculating total lung capacity?

  TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
• The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation
• What does Total Lung Capacity (TLC) represent?

  Maximum volume after inhalation
• A normal Total Lung Capacity (TLC) indicates healthy lung function.

  True
• An increased Total Lung Capacity (TLC) may point to emphysema.
• Residual Volume (RV) ensures continuous gas exchange during normal breathing.


  True
• What does Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) indicate?

  Capacity for deeper breathing
• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) shows the ability to exhale more forcefully.
• How is Vital Capacity (VC) calculated?

  TV + IRV + ERV
• What is the normal range for Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

  2000-3000 mL
• Match the lung volume with its typical range:

  Tidal Volume (TV) ↔️ 500 mL

  Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) ↔️ 2000-3000 mL

  Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) ↔️ 750-1000 mL

  Vital Capacity (VC) ↔️ 4-5 L
• Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) measures the total amount of air exhaled during forced exhalation.
• What is affected in obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD?

  Reduced FEV1