3.4 Cellular Energy

• ATP is composed of adenosine and three phosphates
• What is the process that breaks down ATP to release energy?

  Hydrolysis
• Stages of cellular respiration

  1️⃣ Glycolysis

  2️⃣ Citric Acid Cycle

  3️⃣ Electron Transport Chain
• The citric acid cycle releases electrons that are passed through the electron transport chain

  True
• What is required for aerobic respiration but not for anaerobic respiration?

  Oxygen
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactic acid
• What is released when ATP is hydrolyzed?

  Energy
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine Triphosphate
• Phosphorylation adds a phosphate group to ADP
• Cellular respiration synthesizes ATP in three primary stages: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell.


  True
• Which stage of cellular respiration generates the most ATP?

  Electron Transport Chain
• How many ATP molecules are produced in the citric acid cycle?

  2 ATP
• What is the key difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Oxygen requirement
• Aerobic respiration produces approximately 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose
• Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.


  True
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
• Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration.


  True
• Photosynthesis has two main stages
• The Calvin Cycle converts carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH


  True
• Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration
• ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell


  True
• Energy cycling in cells is a key aspect of cellular energetics
• How many phosphate groups are in ATP?

  Three
• What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

  Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC
• How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in cellular respiration?

  36-38 ATP
• Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration

  False
• Steps in the electron transport chain

  1️⃣ NADH and FADH₂ release electrons

  2️⃣ A proton gradient is generated

  3️⃣ ATP synthase produces ATP
• Lactic acid fermentation contributes to muscle fatigue during exercise


  True
• Match the fermentation type with its significance:

  Alcoholic Fermentation ↔️ Beer and bread production

  Lactic Acid Fermentation ↔️ Muscle energy during exercise
• The light-dependent stage of photosynthesis generates ATP and NADPH


  True
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts
• Stages of photosynthesis in the correct order

  1️⃣ Light-Dependent

  2️⃣ Light-Independent (Calvin Cycle)
• What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis?

  6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O \rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2}</latex>
• Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration.


  True
• Cellular respiration begins with the process of glycolysis
• Stages of cellular respiration in the correct order

  1️⃣ Glycolysis

  2️⃣ Citric Acid Cycle

  3️⃣ Electron Transport Chain
• Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen
• How many ATP molecules can one glucose molecule produce through cellular respiration?

  36-38 ATP
• Aerobic respiration requires oxygen