1.2.1 Pathway of air through the respiratory system

• Match each organ of the respiratory system with its correct function:

  Nose ↔️ Filters, warms, humidifies air

  Pharynx ↔️ Passageway for air and food

  Larynx ↔️ Houses vocal cords

  Trachea ↔️ Conveys air to lungs
• The nose filters, warms, and humidifies air entering the respiratory system
• The bronchi are reinforced by cartilaginous rings.


  True
• The nose filters, warms, and humidifies air entering the respiratory system
• What is the function of the larynx?

  Sound production
• The trachea is reinforced by cartilaginous rings.

  True
• What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?

  Gas exchange
• What are the three processes the nose performs on incoming air?

  Filters, warms, humidifies
• The trachea is reinforced by cartilaginous rings to prevent collapse.

  True
• What is the primary function of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

  Passageway for air and food
• The larynx houses the vocal cords and is involved in sound production.


  True
• Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange between air and blood occurs
• The diaphragm moves upward during inhalation to reduce thoracic cavity volume.

  False
• What organ directs air to the trachea?

  Larynx
• What is the role of the nose in the respiratory system?

  Filters, warms, and humidifies air
• Which muscle moves downwards during inhalation to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?

  Diaphragm
• Air enters the lungs during inhalation because the pressure inside the thoracic cavity is lower than the atmospheric pressure.

  True
• Match the muscle contraction with its effect during inhalation:

  Diaphragm contraction ↔️ Thoracic cavity volume increases

  Intercostal muscles contraction ↔️ Ribs move up and outwards
• What role do the external intercostal muscles play during inhalation?

  Lift ribs up and outwards
• Steps in the air inhalation process

  1️⃣ Diaphragm contraction

  2️⃣ External intercostal muscles contraction

  3️⃣ Thoracic cavity volume increases

  4️⃣ Pressure inside lungs decreases

  5️⃣ Air rushes into lungs
• Which respiratory organ houses the vocal cords?

  Larynx
• Air pathway during inhalation

  1️⃣ Nose/Mouth

  2️⃣ Pharynx

  3️⃣ Larynx

  4️⃣ Trachea

  5️⃣ Bronchi

  6️⃣ Bronchioles

  7️⃣ Alveoli
• During exhalation, the decreased thoracic cavity volume increases the pressure
• Air is pushed out of the lungs during exhalation due to a pressure gradient.


  True
• Which muscles relax to allow the ribs to move down and inwards during exhalation?

  External intercostal muscles
• Steps in the air exhalation process

  1️⃣ Diaphragm relaxation

  2️⃣ External intercostal muscles relaxation

  3️⃣ Thoracic cavity volume decreases

  4️⃣ Pressure inside lungs increases

  5️⃣ Air is expelled from lungs
• During exhalation, air exits the respiratory system in reverse order of inhalation.


  True
• Alveoli are the sites of gas exchange where oxygen leaves the blood and carbon dioxide enters the air
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system organs?

  Gas exchange
• What are alveoli?

  Tiny air sacs
• Where does gas exchange between air and blood occur in the lungs?

  Alveoli
• The pharynx is a passageway for both air and food.

  True
• Order the air pathway during inhalation:

  1️⃣ Nose or mouth

  2️⃣ Pharynx

  3️⃣ Larynx

  4️⃣ Trachea

  5️⃣ Bronchi

  6️⃣ Bronchioles

  7️⃣ Alveoli
• The bronchioles regulate air flow to the alveoli
• Match each organ of the respiratory system with its correct function:

  Nose ↔️ Filters, warms, humidifies air

  Pharynx ↔️ Passageway for air and food

  Larynx ↔️ Houses vocal cords

  Trachea ↔️ Conveys air to lungs
• The larynx houses the vocal cords and is involved in sound production
• What is the function of the bronchioles within the lungs?

  Regulate air flow
• The nose filters, warms, and humidifies air entering the respiratory system
• What reinforces the trachea to prevent collapse?

  Cartilaginous rings
• Steps in the process of air inhalation (inspiration)

  1️⃣ Diaphragm contraction

  2️⃣ Intercostal muscles contraction

  3️⃣ Thoracic cavity volume increases

  4️⃣ Pressure inside lungs decreases

  5️⃣ Air rushes into lungs