2.10 Cell Compartmentalization

• What does compartmentalization refer to in cells?

  Division into specialized organelles
• Mitochondria produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration
• Compartmentalization allows for the efficient organization and regulation of cellular processes by segregating different functions
• What does the nucleus store within the cell?

  Genetic material
• Compartmentalization allows the cell to tailor metabolic and synthetic activities to specific needs.


  True
• Match the organelle with its function:

  Nucleus ↔️ Genetic control center

  Mitochondria ↔️ Energy production

  Golgi Apparatus ↔️ Protein packaging
• What is the role of the nucleus in the cell?

  Regulate genetic material
• What type of material does the nucleus store?

  DNA
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell.


  True
• The nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis
• The nucleus is the cell's control center
• What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

  Ribosome synthesis
• Arrange the following cellular processes facilitated by the nucleus in the correct order:

  1️⃣ DNA replication

  2️⃣ Gene expression
• Match the organelle with its primary function:

  Nucleus ↔️ Stores genetic material

  Mitochondria ↔️ Produces ATP

  Endoplasmic Reticulum ↔️ Synthesizes proteins

  Golgi Apparatus ↔️ Packages proteins

  Lysosomes ↔️ Recycles cellular waste
• What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

  ATP production
• Compartmentalization allows for the isolation of incompatible reactions
• Match the nuclear structure with its function:

  Nuclear Envelope ↔️ Regulates molecule transport

  Nucleolus ↔️ Ribosome assembly

  Chromatin ↔️ Packages DNA
• The inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into cristae
• What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Photosynthesis
• Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells
• Arrange the steps of photosynthesis within a chloroplast based on their location:

  1️⃣ Light-dependent reactions in the thylakoid system

  2️⃣ Light-independent reactions in the stroma
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected membranes within eukaryotic cells
• The smooth ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, making it the primary site for protein synthesis.

  False
• Match the organelle with its primary function:

  Nucleus ↔️ Stores and regulates genetic material

  Mitochondria ↔️ Produces energy through cellular respiration

  Golgi Apparatus ↔️ Packages and distributes proteins

  Lysosomes ↔️ Digests cellular waste
• By compartmentalizing diverse functions, the cell can optimize its metabolic and synthetic activities
• Compartmentalization allows the cell to efficiently organize and regulate cellular processes by segregating different functions into distinct compartments.

  True
• The nucleolus is the site of ribosome assembly within the nucleus.


  True
• The nuclear envelope regulates the entry and exit of molecules
• What process do mitochondria use to produce ATP?

  Cellular respiration
• The electron transport chain occurs within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
• The outer membrane of the chloroplast allows small molecules to pass through.

  True
• Order the steps of photosynthesis within the chloroplast:

  1️⃣ Light-dependent reactions in thylakoid system

  2️⃣ Light energy converted to ATP and NADPH

  3️⃣ Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) in stroma

  4️⃣ Carbon dioxide converted into glucose
• The rough ER is the primary site for protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes.


  True
• Match the structure of the Golgi apparatus with its function:

  Cisternae ↔️ Modifies and sorts proteins and lipids

  Cis Face ↔️ Receives materials from the ER

  Trans Face ↔️ Packages and transports materials
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste and worn-out organelles.


  True
• The Golgi apparatus packages and distributes materials from its trans
• Match the vacuole function with its description:

  Storage ↔️ Stores water, ions, nutrients

  Waste Disposal ↔️ Contains waste products and toxins

  Turgor Pressure ↔️ Maintains cell rigidity
• Order the following cellular organelles based on their primary functions:

  1️⃣ Nucleus: Stores genetic material

  2️⃣ Mitochondria: Produces energy

  3️⃣ Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesizes proteins

  4️⃣ Golgi Apparatus: Packages proteins

  5️⃣ Lysosomes: Digests waste
• Match the cellular organelle with its function:

  Nucleus ↔️ Stores genetic material

  Mitochondria ↔️ Produces ATP

  Endoplasmic Reticulum ↔️ Synthesizes proteins

  Golgi Apparatus ↔️ Packages proteins
• Localizing enzymes and substrates within compartments increases reaction rates.


  True