5.3 Energy and Ecosystems

• An ecosystem includes only biotic factors.

  False
• Match the energy source with its description:

  Sunlight ↔️ Ultimate source of energy for ecosystems

  Primary Producers ↔️ Convert sunlight into chemical energy

  Chemical Energy ↔️ Stored in organic molecules
• Sunlight is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis.


  True
• An ecosystem encompasses both biotic and abiotic factors
• Arrange the trophic levels in a food chain from bottom to top:

  1️⃣ Primary Producers

  2️⃣ Primary Consumers

  3️⃣ Secondary Consumers

  4️⃣ Tertiary Consumers

  5️⃣ Decomposers
• Energy is lost as heat during each transfer between trophic levels.


  True
• What is the typical percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next?

  10%
• Understanding energy transfer efficiency is important for predicting ecosystem stability.


  True
• The primary sources of energy in ecosystems are sunlight
• What are primary producers?

  Organisms that use sunlight
• What do trophic levels represent?

  Organism's position in a food web
• Match the trophic level with its example:

  Primary Producers ↔️ Plants

  Primary Consumers ↔️ Deer

  Secondary Consumers ↔️ Frogs

  Tertiary Consumers ↔️ Snakes
• A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains
• What is the typical energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels?

  10%
• Biomass pyramids can sometimes be inverted in aquatic ecosystems.


  True
• Energy is the ability to do work
• What does energy enable organisms to do?

  Essential functions
• Order the flow of energy in an ecosystem:

  1️⃣ Sunlight

  2️⃣ Primary Producers

  3️⃣ Chemical Energy

  4️⃣ Consumers

  5️⃣ Decomposers
• What is the definition of energy in ecosystems?

  Ability to do work
• Primary producers are the only organisms capable of using sunlight to produce energy.

  False
• Which organisms break down dead plants and animals in an ecosystem?

  Decomposers
• Match the concept with its description:

  Food Chain ↔️ Linear sequence of energy transfer

  Food Web ↔️ Interconnected network of food chains
• Metabolic losses include energy used for respiration and heat production
• What is an ecosystem?

  A living community and environment
• Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy in ecosystems.

  True
• Primary producers, such as plants, are the foundation of most ecosystems
• Primary producers make their own food through photosynthesis.


  True
• What happens to energy as it moves up trophic levels?

  It decreases
• Food webs provide a more realistic view of feeding relationships than food chains.


  True
• Metabolic losses are energy used by organisms for respiration, heat production, and other life processes
• Order the structure of a biomass pyramid from bottom to top:

  1️⃣ Primary Producers

  2️⃣ Primary Consumers

  3️⃣ Secondary Consumers
• What are the factors affecting energy transfer efficiency?

  Digestibility, metabolic losses, waste