2.2.2 Carbohydrates

• What is the typical atomic ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

  1:2:1
• Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.

  True
• Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates consisting of a single sugar unit
• Polysaccharides like cellulose are used in plant cell walls.


  True
• Arrange the monosaccharides in order of their sweetness (most to least):

  1️⃣ Fructose

  2️⃣ Glucose

  3️⃣ Galactose
• Carbohydrates serve as recognition sites for cell-cell communication and immune response.
• Carbohydrates such as glucose are broken down through cellular respiration to release ATP
• Which carbohydrate is used as a storage molecule in animals?

  Glycogen
• Match the type of carbohydrate with its definition:

  Monosaccharide ↔️ Simplest carbohydrate with a single sugar unit

  Disaccharide ↔️ Carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides

  Polysaccharide ↔️ Large carbohydrate with many monosaccharides
• What is the common chemical formula for glucose, fructose, and galactose?

  $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$
• Fructose is the sweetest monosaccharide and is found in fruits and honey
• Disaccharides are formed through dehydration synthesis, releasing a water molecule.


  True
• Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in plants?

  Starch
• Glycogen is a highly branched polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.


  True
• Which carbohydrate-based molecule on the cell surface acts as a recognition site for cell signaling?

  Glycoproteins
• Starch in plants and glycogen in animals both store energy for later use.


  True
• What is the typical atomic ratio of carbohydrates?

  1:2:1
• Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.
• What is the chemical formula of glucose, fructose, and galactose?

  $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$
• Fructose is a cyclic ketose and is the sweetest monosaccharide, found in fruits and honey.
• Carbohydrates like glucose are broken down through cellular respiration to release ATP
• Match the biological role of carbohydrates with its description:

  Energy source ↔️ Provides fuel for cellular activities

  Structural component ↔️ Supports cell structures

  Storage molecule ↔️ Stores energy for later use

  Cell signaling ↔️ Acts as recognition sites
• What are the two monosaccharides that form sucrose?

  Glucose and fructose
• Polysaccharides can be broken down into their constituent monosaccharides through hydrolysis
• Which monosaccharide is the primary energy source in cells?

  Glucose
• What three types of atoms are carbohydrates primarily composed of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.

  True
• Carbohydrates on the cell surface act as recognition sites for cell-cell communication and immune response
• Steps in the breakdown of polysaccharides into monosaccharides:

  1️⃣ Digestion

  2️⃣ Hydrolysis
• Glucose is a straight-chain aldose and the primary energy source in cells.

  True
• Which monosaccharide is a component of lactose in milk?

  Galactose
• Match the disaccharide with its composition:

  Sucrose ↔️ Glucose + Fructose

  Lactose ↔️ Glucose + Galactose

  Maltose ↔️ Glucose + Glucose
• Cellulose forms rigid linear chains cross-linked by hydrogen bonds
• Steps in the breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy:

  1️⃣ Cellular respiration

  2️⃣ ATP release
• What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in biological systems?

  Energy, structure, storage, signaling
• Carbohydrates, primarily glucose, are broken down to release ATP through cellular respiration.
• Match the biological role of carbohydrates with its example:

  Structural support ↔️ Cellulose in plant cell walls

  Energy storage ↔️ Starch in plants

  Cell signaling ↔️ Glycoproteins on cell surfaces
• Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars and consist of a single sugar unit.


  True
• Arrange the types of carbohydrates based on their molecular complexity:

  1️⃣ Monosaccharides

  2️⃣ Disaccharides

  3️⃣ Polysaccharides
• Glucose is a straight-chain aldose and is a primary energy source in cells.


  True