2.1 Cell Structure: Subcellular Components

• The plasma membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances
• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
• Lysosomes break down waste materials
• What is the function of the plasma membrane in the cell?

  Regulates entry and exit
• What do ribosomes synthesize for the cell?

  Proteins
• Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis in plant cells to produce energy.

  True
• What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

  Generate energy
• What role does the cytoskeleton play in cell division?

  Structural support
• Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

  Processes and packages proteins
• What role does the cytoskeleton play in mitosis and meiosis?

  Structural support
• What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Lipid synthesis
• What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Processes and packages proteins
• Vesicles bud from Golgi cisternae to transport proteins.


  True
• Match the cellular component with its function:

  Plasma Membrane ↔️ Regulates entry and exit of substances

  Cytoplasm ↔️ Houses organelles

  Nucleus ↔️ Contains DNA; controls cell activities
• The endoplasmic reticulum transports molecules within the cell.

  True
• The plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier
• Bound ribosomes produce proteins destined for secretion or insertion into the plasma membrane
• What are the two main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?

  Synthesis and transport
• The Golgi apparatus packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles.


  True
• Match the function of vacuoles with its description:

  Storage ↔️ Stores water, nutrients, waste products

  Digestion ↔️ Breaks down materials with enzymes

  Osmoregulation ↔️ Maintains water balance
• Match the subcellular component with its function:

  Plasma Membrane ↔️ Regulates substance entry

  Cytoplasm ↔️ Houses the organelles

  Nucleus ↔️ Controls cell activities
• Lysosomes break down waste materials within the cell.

  True
• What do mitochondria generate for the cell?

  ATP
• The cytoskeleton allows for movement of organelles and cellular components
• Bound ribosomes are located on the endoplasmic reticulum.
• The smooth ER is responsible for protein synthesis.

  False
• The rough ER and smooth ER have identical functions.

  False
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  ATP generation
• What does cell structure refer to?

  Organization of subcellular components
• What does the nucleus contain and control?

  DNA and cell activities
• What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus?

  Processes and packages proteins
• Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis in plant cells.


  True
• What does the nucleus control in the cell?

  Cell's activities
• What type of energy is generated by mitochondria?

  ATP
• Lysosomes break down waste materials within the cell.waste
• The plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier
• Match the subcellular component with its function:

  Plasma Membrane ↔️ Regulates entry and exit of substances

  Ribosomes ↔️ Synthesize proteins

  Mitochondria ↔️ Generate energy

  Golgi Apparatus ↔️ Processes and packages proteins
• The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and controls its activities.


  True
• The plasma membrane maintains the cell's internal environment by regulating the movement of substances.

  True