Forms of Socialization

• It is the process whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and action

  appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture.


  Primary Socialization
• Sociologist Talcott Parsons and psychologist Robert Bales argued that the family is considered a prime socializing institution.

  Primary Socialization
• They believed that human personalities are made, not born, and described families as "factories which produce human personalities". They saw the family as a system that was responsible for creating the personality of individuals who would then be able to fit into the system of the whole society. 

  Primary Socialization
•    This refers to the process of learning the appropriate behavior as a member of

  a smaller group within the larger society.

  Secondary Socialization
• It is usually associated with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization, such as entering a new profession, or relocating to a new environment or society.

  Secondary Socialization
• If the family is the primary system of socialization, then school and education system is marked as the secondary mode of socialization.
• It is the process of learning behavior in a social institution or developing

  one's social skills. For example, a new employee is socialized in his or her new company through orientations, and training sessions as well as meeting the senior employees to get to know the culture in the company he or she is working for.

  Developmental Socialization
• It is the deviation from the desired behaviors or enculturation, especially of the

  younger generation. It involves both adult and children.

  Reverse Socialization
•   It refers to the processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for

  future positions, occupations, and social relationships.

  Anticipatory Socialization
•    It refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones

  as part of a transition in one's life. This occurs throughout the human life cycle.

  Resocialization