4.2.1 Surveys and questionnaires

• Surveys and questionnaires involve structured questions presented in a systematic format.
• Surveys have scalability because they can reach a large number of respondents quickly.
• Match the question type with its description:

  Multiple Choice ↔️ Select one or more options from a predefined list

  Rating Scale ↔️ Rate options on a scale, e.g., 1-5

  Open-ended ↔️ Provide free-text answers
• Standardized questions in surveys ensure all participants answer the same set of questions.


  True
• Match the data collection method with its key feature:

  Surveys and Questionnaires ↔️ Structured, standardized questions

  Interviews ↔️ Personalized, in-depth conversations

  Observations ↔️ Watching and recording behavior

  Experiments ↔️ Controlled testing of variables
• A longitudinal survey collects data from the same sample over an extended period.
• What type of survey collects data on future plans or intended behaviors?

  Prospective
• Steps in designing an effective survey:

  1️⃣ Define the survey objectives

  2️⃣ Determine the question types

  3️⃣ Craft clear and unambiguous questions

  4️⃣ Organize the question order and flow

  5️⃣ Pilot test the survey
• The first step in designing a survey is to define the survey objectives
• Designing a survey that follows these steps ensures actionable data
• Stratified sampling requires detailed information about the population
• The choice of sampling technique depends on research objectives and population characteristics.


  True
• Surveys and questionnaires typically present questions in a logical order
• All participants in a survey answer the same standardized questions.


  True
• Surveys and questionnaires offer a standardized approach compared to methods like interviews or observations
• Cross-sectional surveys provide a snapshot of data at a single point in time.


  True
• Which survey type asks participants to recall past experiences or behaviors?

  Retrospective
• Match the type of question with its description and advantages:

  Multiple Choice ↔️ Easy to quantify and straightforward for respondents

  Rating Scale ↔️ Captures intensity of opinions numerically

  Open-ended ↔️ Captures detailed insights and unexpected perspectives
• What is a disadvantage of open-ended questions in questionnaires?

  Time-consuming to analyze
• What is the first step in designing an effective survey?

  Define the survey objectives
• Following these steps ensures high-quality, actionable survey data
• To gather both quantitative and qualitative insights, a survey should use a mix of multiple choice, rating scale, and open-ended
• Steps to ensure a smooth user experience in a survey.

  1️⃣ Group related questions

  2️⃣ Arrange questions logically
• Sampling techniques are used to select a representative subset of a population
• Random sampling ensures unbiased representation of the population.


  True
• Convenience sampling is quick and easy to implement but may not be representative of the entire population
• Online surveys are always the most effective distribution method for every target audience.

  False
• Match the factor with its impact on response rates:

  Survey Length ↔️ Shorter surveys have higher response rates

  Incentives ↔️ Rewards or prizes increase participation

  Timing ↔️ Avoiding busy periods improves response
• Participants in a survey must be allowed to opt-out at any time.

  True
• In quantitative analysis, researchers calculate frequencies and percentages
• What is text analysis used for in qualitative data analysis?

  Detect sentiment and keywords
• What are surveys and questionnaires used to gather from a group of people?

  Opinions, attitudes, behaviors
• The structured format of surveys ensures questions are presented in a logical order.


  True
• Why are surveys considered versatile data collection methods?

  Suitable for various topics
• What is a key feature of surveys and questionnaires compared to interviews?

  Structured, standardized questions
• Open-ended questions in surveys allow respondents to provide free-text answers.
• What is a cross-sectional survey designed to collect data from?

  A sample at one time
• A retrospective survey asks participants to recall past experiences or behaviors.

  True
• The key differences between survey types lie in their timing and scope.
• What are sampling techniques used for in surveys?

  Selecting a representative sample