6.1.3 DNA and the Genome

• What is the genome of an organism?

  Complete genetic information
• What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?

  Sugar, phosphate, base
• How many hydrogen bonds are between adenine and thymine?

  2
• Steps forming the double helix structure of DNA

  1️⃣ Specific base pairing (A-T, C-G)

  2️⃣ Hydrogen bonds form between base pairs

  3️⃣ Two strands wind around each other
• Base pairing in DNA ensures accurate DNA replication
• Match the base pair with the number of hydrogen bonds:

  A-T ↔️ 2

  C-G ↔️ 3
• What are genes within the genome?

  DNA coding for proteins
• Within the genome, genes are specific sequences of DNA
• The genome is the complete set of genetic information in an organism.


  True
• Genes code for particular proteins, enzymes, or RNA molecules which determine hereditary traits
• What is an allele?

  A version of a gene
• What is the genome composed of?

  All DNA sequences in an organism
• DNA is the chemical that carries the genetic instructions for an organism
• The genome contains all the genetic material needed for an organism to function, develop, and reproduce.


  True
• The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
• How many hydrogen bonds are between cytosine and guanine?

  3
• What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

  A-T, C-G
• Complementary strands in DNA have the same nucleotide sequence.

  False
• What are genes composed of?

  Specific sequences of DNA
• What is a gene defined as?

  Sequence of DNA coding for a protein or trait
• What are genes referred to as fundamental units of?

  Heredity
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Gene ↔️ Sequence of DNA coding for proteins or traits

  Hereditary Trait ↔️ Characteristics passed from parents to offspring
• Hereditary traits are passed down through generations via genes.


  True
• DNA has a distinctive double helix structure made up of two strands
• Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

  Thymine
• Complementary strands in DNA ensure accurate DNA replication
• Approximately how many genes are in the human genome?

  20,000-25,000
• Individuals with brown eyes produce more melanin than those with blue eyes.


  True
• The Human Genome Project's significance includes providing a foundational understanding of human biology and disease
• Complementary base pairs ensure accurate DNA replication and protein synthesis.


  True
• Arrange the base pairs and their hydrogen bonds in descending order:

  1️⃣ C-G with 3 hydrogen bonds

  2️⃣ A-T with 2 hydrogen bonds
• Genes represent only a fraction of the total genetic information in the genome.


  True
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Gene ↔️ Specific DNA sequence coding for proteins or traits

  Hereditary Trait ↔️ Inherited characteristics passed from parents to offspring
• What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP)?

  To map and sequence the human genome