2.2 Cell Membranes

• Integral proteins span the entire thickness of the membrane
• What is the glycocalyx composed of and what is its function?

  Carbohydrates, recognition and adhesion
• Selective permeability of the cell membrane helps maintain the internal environment of the cell.

  True
• Active transport requires energy input to move molecules against their concentration gradient
• Insulin binding to receptors on the cell membrane regulates glucose uptake.


  True
• What is the function of the glycocalyx in cell-cell recognition and adhesion?

  Helps cells bind together
• Osmosis is the movement of water from low to high solute concentration across the membrane.


  True
• What is the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient called?

  Active Transport
• The cell membrane allows all substances to pass through freely.

  False
• Insulin binding to membrane receptors regulates glucose uptake.


  True
• What type of proteins span the entire thickness of the cell membrane?

  Integral Proteins
• Integral proteins are essential for the membrane's selective permeability.


  True
• Osmosis requires energy in the form of ATP.

  False
• The phospholipid bilayer is composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules with hydrophobic tails facing inwards
• Integral proteins span the entire thickness of the cell membrane
• Where are peripheral proteins located in the cell membrane?

  Surface of the membrane
• What role does the glycocalyx play in the cell membrane?

  Cell-cell recognition
• What are the three essential functions of the cell membrane?

  Selective permeability, transport, signaling
• Why is selective permeability important for the cell?

  Maintains internal environment
• Insulin binding to receptors initiates glucose uptake
• The phospholipid bilayer allows small nonpolar molecules to pass through easily.


  True
• What role do peripheral proteins play in the cell membrane?

  Cell adhesion and signaling
• Receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membrane
• Cell signaling triggers a signaling cascade
• How does lipid solubility affect membrane permeability?

  Increases permeability
• What two factors affect membrane fluidity?

  Temperature and cholesterol
• What is the basic structure of the cell membrane?

  Phospholipid bilayer
• Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the membrane.


  True
• The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier
• Match the transport mechanism with its description:

  Diffusion ↔️ Passive movement down concentration gradient

  Osmosis ↔️ Passive movement of water across membrane

  Active Transport ↔️ Uphill movement against concentration gradient
• What is the role of receptor proteins in cell signaling?

  Facilitate communication
• Match the cell membrane component with its description:

  Phospholipid bilayer ↔️ Basic structure of the membrane

  Integral Proteins ↔️ Span the entire thickness of the membrane

  Peripheral Proteins ↔️ Attached to the surface of the membrane
• Selective permeability of the cell membrane allows only certain substances to pass through.
• Steps involved in cell signaling via the cell membrane

  1️⃣ Signal molecule binds to receptor

  2️⃣ Receptor protein undergoes a conformational change

  3️⃣ Signal transduction pathway is initiated

  4️⃣ Cellular response is triggered
• The cell membrane facilitates communication through receptor proteins and signal transduction
• Match the transport mechanism with its description:

  Diffusion ↔️ Passive movement down concentration gradient

  Osmosis ↔️ Passive movement of water across membrane

  Active Transport ↔️ Uphill movement against concentration gradient
• The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid bilayer face inwards
• Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the membrane
• What type of molecule moves across the membrane during osmosis?

  Water
• The glycocalyx participates in cell-cell recognition and adhesion