1.5 Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

• The primary function of lipids is to store energy
• Match the macromolecule with its primary function:

  Carbohydrates ↔️ Energy and structural support

  Lipids ↔️ Energy storage and signaling

  Proteins ↔️ Catalysis and structural support

  Nucleic Acids ↔️ Genetic information storage
• Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
• Arrange the following primary functions of carbohydrates in order of importance:

  1️⃣ Provide energy

  2️⃣ Provide structural support

  3️⃣ Act as signaling molecules
• Lipids often contain fatty acids
• Match the macromolecule with its primary function:

  Carbohydrates ↔️ Energy, structural support, signaling

  Lipids ↔️ Energy storage, membrane formation, signaling

  Proteins ↔️ Catalysis, structural support, transport

  Nucleic Acids ↔️ Genetic information storage
• What are examples of monosaccharides?

  Glucose, fructose, galactose
• Cellulose in plant cell walls provides structural support.


  True
• Certain carbohydrates, such as cellulose in plant cell walls, provide structural support
• Classify carbohydrates based on their structure.

  1️⃣ Monosaccharides

  2️⃣ Disaccharides

  3️⃣ Polysaccharides
• Sucrose is an example of a disaccharide
• Which carbohydrate is the primary energy source for cells?

  Glucose
• Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end
• What are the three main functions of lipids in living organisms?

  Energy storage, cell membrane formation, signaling
• Phospholipids consist of two fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone with a phosphate group
• Lipids can function as signaling molecules.


  True
• What type of lipid has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone?

  Triglyceride
• Arrange the levels of protein structure from simplest to most complex.

  1️⃣ Primary Structure

  2️⃣ Secondary Structure

  3️⃣ Tertiary Structure

  4️⃣ Quaternary Structure
• The secondary structure of proteins involves folding into alpha helices and beta sheets
• What does the quaternary structure of a protein describe?

  Arrangement of multiple subunits
• Collagen and actin are examples of proteins that provide structural support
• What are the four main types of biological macromolecules?

  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
• Lipids store energy, form cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules
• What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

  C(H_2O)_n</latex>
• Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars and cannot be broken down further
• Fatty acids store energy
• Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides
• Match the type of carbohydrate with its example:

  Monosaccharide ↔️ Glucose

  Disaccharide ↔️ Sucrose

  Polysaccharide ↔️ Starch
• Cellulose in plant cell walls provides structural support.


  True
• Lipids are a diverse group of non-polar, hydrophobic organic molecules.
• Triglycerides are the primary form of long-term energy storage
• The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids
• What does the tertiary structure of a protein describe?

  Three-dimensional shape
• Match the feature with the correct nucleic acid:

  DNA ↔️ Double-stranded helix

  RNA ↔️ Single-stranded molecule
• RNA facilitates protein synthesis through mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
• What are biological macromolecules?

  Large, complex molecules
• Proteins can catalyze chemical reactions in cells.


  True
• What atoms are lipids primarily composed of?

  Carbon and hydrogen
• Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.


  True
• What is the general structure of carbohydrates?

  C, H, and O atoms