1.3 Introduction to Biological Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates are composed of monomers called monosaccharides
• What are the monomers of proteins?

  Amino acids
• Biological macromolecules are essential for cell structure and function
• What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

  Energy storage
• What are the two primary functions of proteins?

  Enzymes and structural components
• The four main classes of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
• Proteins are built from amino acids.

  True
• Nucleic acids store and transfer genetic information
• What are the two components of lipids?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Match the class of biological macromolecules with their monomers:

  Carbohydrates ↔️ Monosaccharides

  Lipids ↔️ Glycerol and fatty acids

  Proteins ↔️ Amino acids

  Nucleic acids ↔️ Nucleotides
• What is the primary function of lipids in biological systems?

  Energy storage and membrane structure
• What are three common monosaccharides?

  Glucose, fructose, galactose
• Carbohydrates are a primary energy source for living organisms.


  True
• Match the type of lipid with its primary function:

  Triglycerides ↔️ Energy storage

  Phospholipids ↔️ Cell membrane structure

  Steroids ↔️ Cell signaling and hormone production
• What two structural features do lipids enable in cells?

  Compartmentalization and selective permeability
• Each class of biological macromolecules has unique monomers and functions.

  True
• What are the components of a phospholipid molecule?

  Glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group
• Lipids are essential for energy storage and are structural components of cell membranes.


  True
• Match the biological macromolecule with its primary function:

  Carbohydrates ↔️ Energy storage, structural support

  Lipids ↔️ Energy storage, membrane structure

  Proteins ↔️ Enzymes, structural components

  Nucleic Acids ↔️ Genetic information storage
• The four classes of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  True
• What are the three most common monosaccharides?

  Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
• What is the primary function of triglycerides?

  Energy storage
• What is the primary function of steroids?

  Cell signaling, hormone production
• What are the monomers of proteins?

  Amino acids
• What type of bond is involved in the primary structure of proteins?

  Peptide bond
• Proteins serve as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions and as structural components to build tissues.
• What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

  DNA and RNA
• What nitrogenous base is unique to RNA?

  Uracil
• Each class of biological macromolecules has distinct functions in living organisms.


  True
• DNA and RNA are the two main types of nucleic acids

  True
• The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose
• RNA stores genetic information

  False
• Biological macromolecules are large, polymeric molecules essential for life
• Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates


  True
• Carbohydrates provide structural support in animal cells

  False
• Match the lipid type with its monomers and primary function:

  Triglycerides ↔️ Glycerol + 3 fatty acids, energy storage

  Phospholipids ↔️ Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group, cell membrane structure

  Steroids ↔️ Fused ring structures, cell signaling
• Proteins have four levels of structural organization


  True
• Proteins are built from amino acid monomers.
• Match the protein structure level with its description:

  Primary ↔️ Linear sequence of amino acids

  Secondary ↔️ Local folding patterns like alpha helices

  Tertiary ↔️ Overall 3D structure of a single polypeptide chain

  Quaternary ↔️ Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
• Proteins act as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.


  True