1.1.4 Cell Differentiation

• What is the definition of cell differentiation?

  Specialization for particular function
• Arrange the steps of cell differentiation in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Activation

  2️⃣ Gene expression

  3️⃣ Structural changes

  4️⃣ Functional specialization
• Match each cell type with its specialized function:

  Nerve Cell ↔️ Transmit electrical impulses

  Muscle Cell ↔️ Facilitate movement and contraction

  Red Blood Cell ↔️ Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

  Skin Cell ↔️ Provide protection and waterproofing
• Signaling molecules such as hormones or growth factors can trigger the activation of certain genes
• Arrange the factors influencing cell differentiation based on their primary role:

  1️⃣ Signaling molecules trigger gene activation

  2️⃣ Cell-cell interactions provide differentiation cues

  3️⃣ Transcription factors regulate gene expression

  4️⃣ Epigenetic modifications alter DNA structure
• Cell differentiation allows organisms to have a variety of cell types that work together to perform various tasks
• In cell differentiation, all genes in a cell are expressed equally.

  False
• What is the purpose of specialized structural features in differentiated cells?

  Enable designated roles
• Cell-cell interactions can guide the differentiation of neighboring cells.

  True
• What type of molecules can trigger cell differentiation by activating certain genes?

  Signaling molecules
• Transcription factors regulate gene expression during cell differentiation.

  True
• Match the factor influencing cell differentiation with its effect:

  Signaling Molecules ↔️ Activate signaling pathways

  Cell-Cell Interactions ↔️ Provide positional information

  Transcription Factors ↔️ Regulate gene expression

  Epigenetic Modifications ↔️ Alter gene expression patterns
• During functional specialization, a cell assumes its designated role
• Match the cell type with its specialized function:

  Nerve Cell ↔️ Transmit electrical impulses

  Muscle Cell ↔️ Facilitate movement

  Red Blood Cell ↔️ Transport oxygen

  Skin Cell ↔️ Provide protection

  Gland Cell ↔️ Release hormones
• The physical and chemical interactions between neighboring cells can provide cues that guide the differentiation of a particular cell type
• What changes in DNA structure can alter gene expression patterns during cell differentiation?

  Epigenetic modifications
• Order the steps involved in the process of cell differentiation:

  1️⃣ Activation

  2️⃣ Gene Expression

  3️⃣ Structural Changes

  4️⃣ Functional Specialization
• What would happen to multicellular organisms without cell differentiation?

  Limited to a single generalized cell type