1.2.3 Stem Cells

• What are stem cells capable of self-renewal?

  Dividing and producing more
• Match the stem cell type with its differentiation ability:

  Totipotent ↔️ All cell types

  Pluripotent ↔️ Most cell types

  Multipotent ↔️ Specialized lineage
• Committed cells undergo differentiation to become specialized cell types.
• Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into most cell types but not all, such as the placenta.
• What happens to committed cells after stem cells divide through mitosis?

  They differentiate into specialized cells
• Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.


  True
• Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are created by reprogramming adult somatic cells using genetic modifications.
• From which part of the blastocyst are embryonic stem cells derived?

  Inner cell mass
• The use of embryonic stem cells raises ethical concerns due to the destruction of embryos.


  True
• Adult stem cells are multipotent
• How are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated?

  Genetic modification
• iPSCs regain pluripotency
• What are the two key properties of stem cells?

  Self-renewal and differentiation
• What is the term for the ability of stem cells to transform into specialized cells?

  Differentiation
• Match the stem cell type with its differentiation potential:

  Totipotent ↔️ All cell types

  Pluripotent ↔️ Most cell types

  Multipotent ↔️ Specialized cell types
• Which type of stem cell has limited differentiation potential within a specific lineage?

  Multipotent
• What are the two key properties that define stem cells?

  Self-renewal and differentiation
• Differentiation is the process by which stem cells transform into specialized cell types.

  True
• Arrange the events in stem cell differentiation:

  1️⃣ Stem cell undergoes mitosis

  2️⃣ Produces more stem cells and committed cells

  3️⃣ Committed cells differentiate

  4️⃣ Become specialized cell types
• Stem cells have the ability to divide and produce more stem cells, a process known as self-renewal
• Match the stem cell type with its self-renewal and differentiation capabilities:

  Totipotent ↔️ Unlimited self-renewal, all cell types

  Pluripotent ↔️ Unlimited self-renewal, most cell types

  Multipotent ↔️ Limited self-renewal, specialized cell types
• What are the two key characteristics of stem cells?

  Self-renewal and differentiation
• Differentiation is the ability of stem cells to transform into specialized cell types.


  True
• Arrange the events in stem cell differentiation:

  1️⃣ Stem cell divides through mitosis

  2️⃣ Produces more stem cells and committed cells

  3️⃣ Committed cells differentiate

  4️⃣ Become specialized cell types
• Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into most cell types but not the placenta
• From which part of the blastocyst are embryonic stem cells derived?

  Inner cell mass
• Adult stem cells avoid the ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells.


  True
• Induced pluripotent stem cells regain pluripotency
• Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent
• What does iPSCs stand for?

  Induced pluripotent stem cells
• Match the stem cell source with its origin:

  Embryonic stem cells ↔️ Blastocyst inner cell mass

  Adult stem cells ↔️ Specific tissues

  Induced pluripotent stem cells ↔️ Reprogrammed adult cells
• What is the second key property of stem cells after self-renewal?

  Differentiation
• Match the stem cell type with its differentiation potential:

  Totipotent ↔️ All cell types

  Pluripotent ↔️ Most cell types

  Multipotent ↔️ Specialized cell types within a lineage
• What changes occur during the differentiation process of stem cells?

  Gene expression, morphology, behavior
• Maintenance factors are signaling pathways that keep cells undifferentiated
• Stem cells can be used to test new drugs for safety and efficacy.


  True
• What is one ethical concern associated with embryonic stem cell research?

  Embryo destruction
• What does the term 'differentiation' refer to in the context of stem cells?

  Transforming into specialized cells
• What type of cell division do stem cells undergo to produce more stem cells?

  Mitosis
• Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body.


  True