3.1.4 Fungal Diseases

• What are fungal diseases caused by?

  Fungi
• Fungal diseases occur when fungi invade living tissues
• What are the symptoms of potato blight in plants?

  Dark spots, rotting tubers
• Which fungal disease is communicable and causes itching and cracking skin on the feet?

  Athlete's Foot
• Which fungal disease is non-communicable and affects plants?

  Potato Blight
• What is one example of a non-communicable fungal disease in plants?

  Dutch Elm Disease
• Name three common fungal pathogens that cause diseases in humans.

  Athlete's Foot, Ringworm, Candidiasis
• Non-communicable fungal diseases in plants include potato blight, Dutch elm disease, and chestnut blight.


  True
• What are hyphae produced during spore germination in the fungal life cycle?

  Thin, tubular filaments
• Arrange the stages of the life cycle of common fungal pathogens in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Spore Formation

  2️⃣ Spore Germination

  3️⃣ Growth and Invasion

  4️⃣ Reproduction
• What are spores in the life cycle of fungi?

  Reproductive units
• Fungal hyphae penetrate the host's tissues to obtain nutrients and cause damage.


  True
• Communicable fungal pathogens spread through direct contact or by vectors
• Match the fungal disease with its transmissibility:

  Athlete's Foot ↔️ Communicable

  Potato Blight ↔️ Non-Communicable
• Fungal diseases can only affect plants.

  False
• How do communicable fungal diseases spread?

  Direct contact or vectors
• Ringworm is an example of a communicable fungal disease.


  True
• Communicable fungal diseases can spread through direct contact or vectors
• Stages in the life cycle of common fungal pathogens

  1️⃣ Spore Formation

  2️⃣ Spore Germination

  3️⃣ Growth and Invasion

  4️⃣ Reproduction
• Hyphae are thin, tubular filaments produced during spore germination.


  True
• The key difference between communicable and non-communicable fungal pathogens is their ability to spread
• Where are non-communicable fungal diseases confined?

  Original host
• Potato blight causes dark spots on leaves and rotting of potato tubers.


  True
• What is the primary symptom of chestnut blight in trees?

  Sunken cankers on bark
• What is a key hygiene practice to prevent communicable fungal diseases?

  Avoiding sharing personal items
• Communicable fungal diseases require measures to limit person-to-person transmission
• Communicable fungal diseases can be transmitted through direct contact or vectors.


  True
• What are two examples of fungal diseases mentioned in the text?

  Athlete's Foot, Potato Blight
• Non-communicable fungal diseases cannot be transmitted between organisms.


  True
• Arrange the stages of the life cycle of fungal pathogens in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Spore formation

  2️⃣ Spore germination

  3️⃣ Growth and invasion

  4️⃣ Reproduction
• Match the fungal disease with its typical symptoms:

  Athlete's Foot ↔️ Itching, cracking, peeling skin

  Ringworm ↔️ Circular, red rash with scaly border

  Potato Blight ↔️ Dark spots on leaves, rotting tubers
• What is the key difference in transmission methods between communicable and non-communicable fungal diseases?

  Ability to infect others
• Candidiasis in humans presents with thick, white vaginal discharge
• What happens to elm trees affected by Dutch elm disease?

  Wilting, yellowing, death
• What is a common symptom of communicable fungal diseases in humans?

  Skin irritation and rashes
• Methods of transmission for communicable fungal diseases

  1️⃣ Direct contact with infected individuals

  2️⃣ Contact with contaminated surfaces

  3️⃣ Indirect transmission via airborne spores

  4️⃣ Indirect transmission via vectors
• Non-communicable fungal diseases can directly infect other organisms.

  False
• Antifungal medications can be used to treat active fungal infections
• Match the control measure with its example:

  Fungicides ↔️ Spraying elm trees for Dutch elm disease

  Quarantine and eradication ↔️ Destroying infected chestnut trees
• Non-communicable fungal diseases focus on preventing spread within a population.


  True