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Unit 3: Infection and Response
3.2 Human Defence Systems
3.2.2 The Immune System
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The immune system has only one type of response.
False
What is the defining characteristic of innate immunity?
Non-specific response
The immune system is essential for protecting the body from
disease
.
True
Match the type of immunity with its key features:
Innate Immunity ↔️ Rapid response, non-specific defense
Adaptive Immunity ↔️ Slower response, targeted defense
What is the immune system's primary function?
Defense against pathogens
White blood cells, also known as
leukocytes
, detect and destroy foreign invaders.
Innate immunity includes physical barriers like skin and mucus
membranes
What is the definition of innate immunity?
Non-specific response to pathogens
What is the defining characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Specific response to pathogens
Innate immunity develops memory to fight future infections.
False
Innate immunity provides a general, immediate defense, while
adaptive immunity
mounts a targeted, learned response.
True
Match the defense type with its components:
Physical Barriers ↔️ Skin, Mucus Membranes
Chemical Defenses ↔️ Tears, Saliva, Stomach Acid
What enzyme is found in tears and saliva that kills pathogens?
Lysozyme
What is the first line of defense in the immune system called?
Innate immunity
The first line of defense provides immediate protection against a wide range of
pathogens
by blocking their entry or destroying them on contact.
True
Match the immune system component with its role:
White blood cells ↔️ Detect and destroy invaders
Lymphatic system ↔️ Transports white blood cells
Antibodies ↔️ Neutralize pathogens
Innate immunity is an immediate and
non-specific
response to pathogens.
Arrange the steps of the inflammatory response in the correct order:
1️⃣ Pathogens enter the body
2️⃣ Vasodilation increases blood flow
3️⃣ Capillary permeability increases
4️⃣ Fluid accumulates in tissues
5️⃣ Redness, swelling, heat, and pain occur
What enzyme in stomach acid destroys bacteria?
Lysozyme
What is the role of mucus membranes in innate immunity?
Trap and remove microbes
Inflammation is the
second
line of defense and is a protective response to injury or infection.
True
What are the two main types of lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity?
T cells and B cells
T cells and
B cells
work together to mount a targeted immune response against pathogens.
True
What do B cells produce to neutralize pathogens?
Antibodies
Innate immunity is the body's immediate, non-specific response to
pathogens
Innate immunity is specific to individual pathogens.
False
Which chemical defense in tears and saliva kills pathogens?
Lysozymes
What is the cause of redness during inflammation?
Vasodilation
Memory cells formed by B cells provide a faster response in future
infections
What are B cells activated by?
Antigen receptors binding antigens
Steps of antibody production by B cells
1️⃣ Antigen Binding
2️⃣ Activation
3️⃣ Differentiation
4️⃣ Antibody Production
5️⃣ Memory Cell Formation
Match the step of B cell activation with its description:
Antigen Binding ↔️ B cells bind to matching antigens on pathogens
Activation ↔️ B cell is activated and starts to divide
Differentiation ↔️ Activated B cells differentiate into plasma and memory cells
Antibody Production ↔️ Plasma cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens
Steps of cell-mediated immunity
1️⃣ Recognition
2️⃣ Activation
3️⃣ Differentiation
4️⃣ Destruction
5️⃣ Memory Formation
Cytotoxic T cells induce
apoptosis
in infected cells
True
Match the stage of immunological memory with its description:
Recognition ↔️ Memory cells recognize specific antigens
Activation ↔️ Memory cells rapidly activate upon encountering antigens
Response ↔️ Memory B cells produce antibodies, memory T cells destroy infected cells
Long-term Protection ↔️ Memory cells persist for months to years
White blood cells detect and destroy foreign
invaders
What is the definition of innate immunity?
Immediate, non-specific response
Non-specific defenses are also known as innate
immunity
What enzyme in tears and saliva helps kill pathogens?
Lysozyme
What is the second line of defense called?
Inflammation
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