3.2.2 The Immune System

Cards (88)

  • The immune system has only one type of response.
    False
  • What is the defining characteristic of innate immunity?
    Non-specific response
  • The immune system is essential for protecting the body from disease.

    True
  • Match the type of immunity with its key features:
    Innate Immunity ↔️ Rapid response, non-specific defense
    Adaptive Immunity ↔️ Slower response, targeted defense
  • What is the immune system's primary function?
    Defense against pathogens
  • White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, detect and destroy foreign invaders.
  • Innate immunity includes physical barriers like skin and mucus membranes
  • What is the definition of innate immunity?
    Non-specific response to pathogens
  • What is the defining characteristic of adaptive immunity?
    Specific response to pathogens
  • Innate immunity develops memory to fight future infections.
    False
  • Innate immunity provides a general, immediate defense, while adaptive immunity mounts a targeted, learned response.

    True
  • Match the defense type with its components:
    Physical Barriers ↔️ Skin, Mucus Membranes
    Chemical Defenses ↔️ Tears, Saliva, Stomach Acid
  • What enzyme is found in tears and saliva that kills pathogens?
    Lysozyme
  • What is the first line of defense in the immune system called?
    Innate immunity
  • The first line of defense provides immediate protection against a wide range of pathogens by blocking their entry or destroying them on contact.

    True
  • Match the immune system component with its role:
    White blood cells ↔️ Detect and destroy invaders
    Lymphatic system ↔️ Transports white blood cells
    Antibodies ↔️ Neutralize pathogens
  • Innate immunity is an immediate and non-specific response to pathogens.
  • Arrange the steps of the inflammatory response in the correct order:
    1️⃣ Pathogens enter the body
    2️⃣ Vasodilation increases blood flow
    3️⃣ Capillary permeability increases
    4️⃣ Fluid accumulates in tissues
    5️⃣ Redness, swelling, heat, and pain occur
  • What enzyme in stomach acid destroys bacteria?
    Lysozyme
  • What is the role of mucus membranes in innate immunity?
    Trap and remove microbes
  • Inflammation is the second line of defense and is a protective response to injury or infection.

    True
  • What are the two main types of lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity?
    T cells and B cells
  • T cells and B cells work together to mount a targeted immune response against pathogens.

    True
  • What do B cells produce to neutralize pathogens?
    Antibodies
  • Innate immunity is the body's immediate, non-specific response to pathogens
  • Innate immunity is specific to individual pathogens.
    False
  • Which chemical defense in tears and saliva kills pathogens?
    Lysozymes
  • What is the cause of redness during inflammation?
    Vasodilation
  • Memory cells formed by B cells provide a faster response in future infections
  • What are B cells activated by?
    Antigen receptors binding antigens
  • Steps of antibody production by B cells
    1️⃣ Antigen Binding
    2️⃣ Activation
    3️⃣ Differentiation
    4️⃣ Antibody Production
    5️⃣ Memory Cell Formation
  • Match the step of B cell activation with its description:
    Antigen Binding ↔️ B cells bind to matching antigens on pathogens
    Activation ↔️ B cell is activated and starts to divide
    Differentiation ↔️ Activated B cells differentiate into plasma and memory cells
    Antibody Production ↔️ Plasma cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens
  • Steps of cell-mediated immunity
    1️⃣ Recognition
    2️⃣ Activation
    3️⃣ Differentiation
    4️⃣ Destruction
    5️⃣ Memory Formation
  • Cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis in infected cells

    True
  • Match the stage of immunological memory with its description:
    Recognition ↔️ Memory cells recognize specific antigens
    Activation ↔️ Memory cells rapidly activate upon encountering antigens
    Response ↔️ Memory B cells produce antibodies, memory T cells destroy infected cells
    Long-term Protection ↔️ Memory cells persist for months to years
  • White blood cells detect and destroy foreign invaders
  • What is the definition of innate immunity?
    Immediate, non-specific response
  • Non-specific defenses are also known as innate immunity
  • What enzyme in tears and saliva helps kill pathogens?
    Lysozyme
  • What is the second line of defense called?
    Inflammation