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Final
Part 1
History and Nomenclature
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plant propagation
:
multiplication
of plants by
sexual
and
asexual
means to
reproduce
a
new plant
with a set of
desired characteristics
agriculture
:
deliberate cultivation
of
crops
and
animals
for
human use
plant selection
:
selecting
and/or
developing
specific kinds of
plants
propagation
:
multiplying plants
and
preserving
their unique qualities
agriculture steps:
plant
selection
2.
propagation
3. crop
production
4. crop
handling
and
storage
5.
food
technology
When did plant propagation start?
9000 B.C.
early domesticated crops
:
wheat
,
barley
,
rice
,
beans
and
peas
,
grape
,
fig
,
olive
,
pomegranate
,
potato
,
yams
,
banana
and
pineapple
early propagation methods
:
seed
and
vegetative propagation
ancient Chinese writings describe
grafting
and
layering
as population
increases
, you need more
food
control of
land
and
agricultural surplus
=
power
and
wealth
Theophrastus
wrote
Historia de Plantis
and
De Causis Planatrum
Greeks
and
Romans
propagated via
seeds
,
cuttings
,
layering
, and
grafting
During the
Medieval
period, most of society organized around
large-scale agriculture
agronomy
:
cereals
,
fibers
, and
forages
horticulture
:
vegetables
,
fruits
,
herbs
, and
flowers
forestry
:
woody plants
Captain
Cook
, Sir
Joseph Banks
,
Francis Masson
, and
Robert Fortune
all important figures in
exploring
new areas in
plant propagation
Wardian Case
: a
glazed wooden cabinet
designed to keep
high humidity
inside and
salt water
spray outside the case on
long sea voyages
Nathanial Ward
invented the
Wardian case
herbals
: books produced to
describe
the utility of
local
and
introduced plants
for
doctors
Grafting
expanded to
fruit crops
in the
17th
and
18th
centuries
Charles Baltet
- The Art of
Grafting
and
Budding
Liberty Hyde Bailey
:
father
of American
horticulture
The
Morrill
Act
1862
: gave land for
agricultural research
and
education
Thomas Volney Munson
crossed
Vitis vinifera
with
Texas grape species
First nursery
was built by
William Prince
and
Son
in
Long Island
in
1730
First
glasshouse
built in
1598
plant propagation
is an
art
and a
science
International Plant Propagator's Society
(IPPS): provides
nursery
profession with
knowledge
and
research support
taxonomy
:
naming
and
identification
of
organisms
based on their
shared characteristics
non vascular plants:
bryophytes
(moss plants)
no
xylem
or
phloem
don't have
roots
don't have
flowers
or
seeds
reproduce via
spores
small, low-lying plants usually found in
moist
habitats
three divisions
mosses
liverworts
hornworts
vascular
:
spore
producing
Pteridophyta
:
ferns
and
fern
allies have
vascular
tissue and
roots
club
mosses,
whisk
ferns, horsetails
seed producing
gymnosperms
and
angiosperms
gymnosperms
:
non flowering
angiosperms
:
flowering plants
;
seeds
produced in
fruits
within
flowers
problems with
common
names:
different
plants
may have the
same
name
some
plants
may be called
different
names
Carl Linnaeus
:
father
of
taxonomy
binomial system
: two-part scientific name;
genus
specific
epithet
genus
: describes a group of
plants
that are
similar
in
morphological
,
biochemical
, and
genetic properties
specific epithet
:
natural grouping
of plants that have
common characteristics
in appearance,
adaptation
, and
breeding behavior
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