History and Nomenclature

Cards (58)

  • plant propagation: multiplication of plants by sexual and asexual means to reproduce a new plant with a set of desired characteristics
  • agriculture: deliberate cultivation of crops and animals for human use
  • plant selection: selecting and/or developing specific kinds of plants
  • propagation: multiplying plants and preserving their unique qualities
  • agriculture steps:
    1. plant selection
    2. propagation
    3. crop production
    4. crop handling and storage
    5. food technology
  • When did plant propagation start?
    9000 B.C.
  • early domesticated crops: wheat, barley, rice, beans and peas, grape, fig, olive, pomegranate, potato, yams, banana and pineapple
  • early propagation methods: seed and vegetative propagation
  • ancient Chinese writings describe grafting and layering
  • as population increases, you need more food
  • control of land and agricultural surplus = power and wealth
  • Theophrastus wrote Historia de Plantis and De Causis Planatrum
  • Greeks and Romans propagated via seeds, cuttings, layering, and grafting
  • During the Medieval period, most of society organized around large-scale agriculture
  • agronomy: cereals, fibers, and forages
  • horticulture: vegetables, fruits, herbs, and flowers
  • forestry: woody plants
  • Captain Cook, Sir Joseph Banks, Francis Masson, and Robert Fortune all important figures in exploring new areas in plant propagation
  • Wardian Case: a glazed wooden cabinet designed to keep high humidity inside and salt water spray outside the case on long sea voyages
  • Nathanial Ward invented the Wardian case
  • herbals: books produced to describe the utility of local and introduced plants for doctors
  • Grafting expanded to fruit crops in the 17th and 18th centuries
  • Charles Baltet - The Art of Grafting and Budding
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey: father of American horticulture
  • The Morrill Act 1862: gave land for agricultural research and education
  • Thomas Volney Munson crossed Vitis vinifera with Texas grape species
  • First nursery was built by William Prince and Son in Long Island in 1730
  • First glasshouse built in 1598
  • plant propagation is an art and a science
  • International Plant Propagator's Society (IPPS): provides nursery profession with knowledge and research support
  • taxonomy: naming and identification of organisms based on their shared characteristics
  • non vascular plants:
    • bryophytes (moss plants)
    • no xylem or phloem
    • don't have roots
    • don't have flowers or seeds
    • reproduce via spores
    • small, low-lying plants usually found in moist habitats
    • three divisions
    • mosses
    • liverworts
    • hornworts
  • vascular:
    • spore producing
    • Pteridophyta: ferns and fern allies have vascular tissue and roots
    • club mosses, whisk ferns, horsetails
    • seed producing
    • gymnosperms and angiosperms
  • gymnosperms: non flowering
  • angiosperms: flowering plants; seeds produced in fruits within flowers
  • problems with common names:
    • different plants may have the same name
    • some plants may be called different names
  • Carl Linnaeus: father of taxonomy
  • binomial system: two-part scientific name; genus specific epithet
  • genus: describes a group of plants that are similar in morphological, biochemical, and genetic properties
  • specific epithet: natural grouping of plants that have common characteristics in appearance, adaptation, and breeding behavior