1.2.2 Practical applications of separation methods

• What is the liquid with the lower boiling point in vodka distillation?

  Alcohol
• What is the purpose of paper chromatography?

  Separating mixture components
• The solvent front in paper chromatography is the highest point reached by the solvent.


  True
• The positions and colors of spots in chromatography help identify substances.

  True
• Steps in the filtration process of drinking water purification

  1️⃣ Coarse filtration

  2️⃣ Finer filtration

  3️⃣ Activated carbon filtration

  4️⃣ Disinfection
• What does HPLC stand for in chromatography?

  High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
• Match the petroleum product with its boiling point range:

  Gasoline ↔️ Lower boiling point

  Kerosene ↔️ Mid-range boiling point

  Fuel oil ↔️ Higher boiling point
• What is HPLC used to separate, identify, and quantify?

  Compounds based on interactions
• What is the purpose of chromatography?

  To separate substances
• In vodka distillation, water is left behind because it has a higher boiling point than alcohol.


  True
• In distillation, the liquid with the higher boiling point vaporizes first.

  False
• What is the solid component in a mixture of coffee grounds and water?

  Coffee grounds
• Separation methods change the chemical nature of substances.

  False
• Making coffee using a filter is an example of filtration.


  True
• Steps of the distillation process

  1️⃣ Heating the mixture until the liquid with the lower boiling point vaporizes

  2️⃣ Vaporization of the liquid

  3️⃣ The vapor moves through a condenser

  4️⃣ Cooling and condensing the vapor back into liquid form
• Match the separation method with its example:

  Filtration ↔️ Removing coffee grounds from coffee

  Distillation ↔️ Making pure water from saltwater

  Evaporation ↔️ Recovering salt from saltwater

  Crystallization ↔️ Making rock candy from sugar water
• Steps involved in crystallization

  1️⃣ Heat the solution

  2️⃣ Cool the solution

  3️⃣ Crystals form

  4️⃣ Separate the crystals
• What happens to substances during separation in terms of chemical composition?

  No new substances formed
• Chromatography separates substances based on their solubilities and affinities for different phases.


  True
• Steps to separate salt from water using distillation

  1️⃣ Boil the saltwater

  2️⃣ Water turns into steam

  3️⃣ Steam cools and condenses

  4️⃣ Salt remains behind
• What property does distillation use to separate liquids?

  Boiling points
• Finer filters in water treatment plants remove sand and dirt.


  True
• What type of properties do separation methods rely on to separate substances?

  Physical
• What type of contaminants do activated carbon filters remove?

  Chemical contaminants
• Match the separation method with its description:

  Magnetic Separation ↔️ Uses a magnet

  Chromatography ↔️ Separates based on solubility

  Evaporation ↔️ Heats to remove liquid
• What is the principle behind distillation for separating liquids?

  Boiling points
• What is the purpose of filtration?

  Separate solids from liquids
• The stationary phase in chromatography is the solvent.

  False
• What creates distinct spots in chromatography?

  Different solubilities
• What is the purpose of filtration in municipal water treatment plants?

  Purify drinking water
• What are separation methods used for?

  To separate substances
• How is distillation used in water purification?

  Removes salts and impurities
• The whisky industry in Britain relies heavily on distillation to produce high-quality spirits


  True
• Distillation is used in oil refining to separate crude oil into different petroleum products

  True
• Mixing combines different substances, while separation divides a mixture into its components.


  True
• The purpose of distillation in vodka production is to create pure alcohol


  True
• What does HPLC stand for?

  High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• What do physical separation methods change in substances?

  Physical state
• Match the separation method with its limitation:

  Chromatography ↔️ Time-consuming

  Fractional Distillation ↔️ Needs careful temperature control

  Simple Distillation ↔️ Only for large boiling point differences

  Filtration ↔️ Limited to solid-liquid separation
• Physical separation is often reversible.


  True