6.3.2 Refraction of Waves

• The speed of light decreases when it moves from air to a denser medium
• Conditions required for refraction to occur

  1️⃣ The wave must pass from one medium to another with a different refractive index.

  2️⃣ The wave must encounter the boundary at an oblique angle.
• Snell's law relates the refractive indices and angles of incidence and refraction.


  True
• Match the property with its effect on light and sound waves during refraction:

  Refractive Index Change ↔️ Occurs when passing from one medium to another with different density

  Angle of Incidence ↔️ Oblique angle required

  Wavelength Change ↔️ Decreases when slowing down
• The refractive index change in light waves occurs when passing from one transparent medium to another
• What happens to the wavelength of a wave when it slows down during refraction?

  Decreases
• Match the terms with their meanings:

  n_1 ↔️ Refractive index of the first medium

  n_2 ↔️ Refractive index of the second medium

  θ_1 ↔️ Angle of incidence

  θ_2 ↔️ Angle of refraction
• The refractive index of light changes when passing from one transparent medium to another.


  True
• The angle of refraction depends on the refractive index of the two media.
• What is refraction of waves defined as?

  Change in wave direction
• When light slows down during refraction, it bends towards the normal.

  True
• What determines the angle of refraction?

  Refractive index of media
• In Snell's law, `n_1` and `n_2` represent the refractive indices of the first and second media
• Light and sound waves both require a medium to undergo refraction.

  True
• The angle of incidence must be oblique, meaning not perpendicular
• Match the property with its change during refraction of light and sound waves:

  Speed ↔️ Decreases when moving from air to denser medium

  Direction ↔️ Bends towards the normal when slowing down

  Wavelength ↔️ Decreases when slowing down
• What law describes the relationship between the angles and refractive indices during refraction?

  Snell's law
• For refraction to occur, the wave must pass from one medium to another with a different refractive index
• A wave must encounter the boundary between two media at a perpendicular angle for refraction to occur.

  False
• The angle of refraction depends on the refractive index of the two media.
• In Snell's Law, n_{1}</latex> and $n_{2}$ are the refractive indices of the first and second media.
• Match the property with its description for light and sound waves:

  Light ↔️ Refractive index changes when passing from one transparent medium to another

  Sound ↔️ Refractive index changes when passing from one medium to another with different density
• Steps to apply Snell's Law to calculate the angle of refraction:

  1️⃣ Determine the refractive indices of both media

  2️⃣ Measure the angle of incidence

  3️⃣ Substitute the values into Snell's Law

  4️⃣ Solve for the angle of refraction
• Using Snell's Law, we can predict how the direction of a wave will change when it passes from one medium to another.
• The speed of light decreases when moving from a medium with a lower refractive index to one with a higher refractive index
• When light slows down as it enters a medium with a higher refractive index, it bends towards the normal
• The refractive index of light changes when it passes between transparent media like air, water, and glass


  True
• The refractive index of sound changes when it passes between media with different densities
• For refraction to occur, the wave must encounter the boundary at an oblique angle
• Snell's Law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction


  True
• The refractive index measures how much the speed of a wave is reduced when it passes through a medium.


  True
• For sound, the refractive index changes when passing between media with different densities.
• The refractive index of a medium is a measure of how much the speed of a wave is reduced when it passes through that medium

  True
• The speed of sound decreases when moving from a medium with lower density to one with higher density
• Differences in refractive index lead to refraction, where the wave changes direction and wavelength
• Refraction is the change in direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another
• Match the wave type with the type of media it passes through during refraction:

  Light ↔️ Air, Water, Glass

  Sound ↔️ Air, Water, Solid
• For refraction to occur, the wave must pass from one medium to another with a different refractive index
• In Snell's Law, $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ represent the refractive indices of the first and second media
• During refraction, the wavelength of a wave decreases when it slows down