2.3.1 Political instability and uprisings

• How did political uprisings affect public confidence in the Weimar Republic?

  Decreased public trust in the government's ability
• How did the uprisings exacerbate the problems of the Weimar Republic?

  Weakened the republic through political polarization
• What was Article 48 in the Weimar Constitution?

  Allowed the president to rule by decree
• What was a consequence of the uprisings on governance in the Weimar Republic?

  Difficult to govern effectively due to disruptions
• Who were the key leaders of the SPD?

  Friedrich Ebert and Philipp Scheidemann
• What was the main political party representing social democracy in the Weimar Republic?

  SPD (Social Democratic Party)
• What was the main ideology of the DDP (German Democratic Party)?

  Liberalism and democratic reforms
• What was the impact of political uprisings on the Weimar Republic's stability?

  Created constant instability and uncertainty
• What ideology did the NSDAP (Nazi Party) represent?

  Far-right nationalism and fascism
• How did the president use Article 48 during the Weimar Republic?

  To pass controversial laws bypassing parliament
• Who was a key leader of the DNVP?

  Alfred Hugenberg
• What was the outcome of the Spartacus League uprising?

  Crushed by army
• What was the outcome of the Beer Hall Putsch?

  Crushed by police
• What was the aim of the right-wing militias during the Kapp Putsch?

  Overthrow government
• What policy changes did the Weimar government implement to appease workers?

  Extended unemployment benefits
• What did leftist groups in the Weimar Republic support?

  Workers' rights and communism
• What overall effect did the uprisings have on the Weimar Republic?

  Weakened the republic further
• What did rightist groups in the Weimar Republic favor?

  Traditional values and authoritarian rule
• What ideology did the SPD (Social Democratic Party) promote?

  Social democracy and workers' rights
• How did war debts contribute to political instability in the Weimar Republic?

  Massive reparations burdened the economy
• What was a key factor causing political instability in the Weimar Republic?

  Economic problems
• Which group attempted to overthrow the Weimar Republic in 1920?

  Right-wing militias
• What do the uprisings against the Weimar Republic reflect about the political climate of the time?

  • Political polarization
  • Underlying tensions
  • Instability in the Weimar Republic
• What made long-term planning impossible for the Weimar government?

  Ongoing threats and disruptions
• Who were the key leaders of the DDP?

  Hugo Preuss and Walter Rathenau
• What was the ideology of the DNVP (German National People's Party)?

  Conservative nationalism and monarchism
• What was a significant problem with the Weimar Republic's constitution?

  It was weak
• Who was the key leader of the NSDAP?

  Adolf Hitler
• How did the weak constitution affect the Weimar Republic?

  It made it difficult for any party to gain a majority
• Who was a key leader of the DVP?

  Gustav Stresemann
• What are the main political parties active in the Weimar Republic and their ideologies?

  • SPD: Social democracy, workers' rights
  • DDP: Liberalism, democratic reforms
  • DVP: Liberal conservatism, industry support
  • DNVP: Conservative nationalism, monarchist
  • NSDAP: Far-right nationalism, fascism
• How did the Weimar government respond to political uprisings?

  With forceful measures and compromises
• What did citizens lose faith in due to the political uprisings?

  Faith in the democratic process
• What was a consequence of political polarization in the Weimar Republic?

  Frequent strikes and protests by workers
• What was hyperinflation during the Weimar Republic?

  Rapidly rising prices made money worthless
• What was the outcome of the Kapp Putsch for the Weimar government?

  Had to resort to military force to maintain power
• What was the impact of proportional representation in the Weimar Republic?

  Frequent changes in government coalitions occurred
• What was the aim of the Spartacus League in 1919?

  Establish communist state
• What action did the Weimar government take during the Spartacus League rebellion?

  Used the army to suppress the uprising
• What was the outcome of the Kapp Putsch?

  Failed after workers' strike