Metals and Non-Metals

• Where are most elements found on the periodic table?

  Towards the bottom left
• What is a key feature of metals?

  They form positive ions when reacting
• What ion does calcium form?

  Calcium two plus ion
• How do non-metals differ in ion formation compared to metals?

  Non-metals can form negative ions or none
• Why do elements on the left of the periodic table have fewer outer electrons?

  They are positioned lower in the table
• How many electrons does calcium have in its outer shell?

  Two electrons
• Why is it easier for calcium to lose its outer electrons?

  It has fewer electrons in its outer shell
• What must chlorine do to become a positive ion?

  Lose all seven outer electrons
• Why are metals more reactive towards the bottom of the periodic table?

  They have more electron shells
• How many shells does lead have?

  Six shells
• What happens to the nucleus's ability to hold electrons in outer shells further from it?

  It weakens as shells increase
• What is metallic bonding?

  A strong bond unique to metals
• What are the physical properties of metals?

  • Strong metallic bonds
  • Malleable and ductile
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Shiny appearance
  • Sonorous (produce ringing sound)
• What are the physical properties of non-metals?

  • Dull in color
  • Brittle (easily break)
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Poor conductors of electricity
  • Generally lower densities than metals
• Where are transition metals located on the periodic table?

  In the center of the periodic table
• What is a unique property of transition metals?

  They can form more than one ion
• What ions can chromium form?

  Two plus, three plus, and six plus
• What is a practical feature of transition metals?

  They make very good catalysts
• What is a catalyst?

  Substances that increase reaction rates
• What catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel
• What are the properties of transition metals?

  • Form more than one ion
  • Often colored ions
  • Good catalysts