Ionic Compounds

• What is the focus of today's video?

  Structure and properties of ionic compounds
• What is involved in ionic bonding?

  A metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal
• What forms when a metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal atom?

  Two oppositely charged ions
• How are ionic compounds structured in real life?

  They involve many ions arranged in a lattice
• What do we call the three-dimensional structures formed by ionic compounds?

  Regular lattice structures
• What do the green and red ions represent in the drawing?

  Green for sodium ions, red for chloride ions
• How can ionic compounds be represented visually?

  With ball and stick diagrams
• What are the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds like?

  They have very high melting and boiling points
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When melted or dissolved in water
• What determines the melting and boiling points of substances?

  The strength of the bonds holding them together
• Why can't solid ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  Because their ions are fixed in place
• What happens to ionic compounds when they are melted?

  The ions are free to move about
• How do we determine the formula of an ionic compound?

  By balancing the charges of the ions
• What is the formula for sodium chloride?

  NaCl
• How does magnesium form its ion?

  It loses two electrons to become 2+
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  MgCl$_2$
• What is the charge of hydroxide ions?

  OH$^{-}$
• What is the charge of sulfate ions?

  SO$_4^{2-}$
• What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

  Ca(OH)$_2$
• How do we balance charges for aluminium sulfate?

  By finding the lowest common multiple of charges
• What is the formula for aluminium sulfate?

  Al$_2$SO$_4$$_3$
• What is the charge of the nitrate ion?

  NO$_3^{-}$
• What is the charge of the carbonate ion?

  CO$_3^{2-}$
• What is the charge of the ammonium ion?

  NH$_4^{+}$
• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  • Very high melting and boiling points
  • Conduct electricity when melted or dissolved
  • Strong ionic bonds require high energy to break
• How do you determine the formula of more complex ionic compounds?

  • Memorize formulas and charges of polyatomic ions
  • Balance charges using lowest common multiples
  • Use brackets for multiple polyatomic ions
• What are some important polyatomic ions to memorize?

  • Hydroxide: OH$^{-}$
  • Sulfate: SO$_4^{2-}$
  • Nitrate: NO$_3^{-}$
  • Carbonate: CO$_3^{2-}$
  • Ammonium: NH$_4^{+}$