Allotropes: Graphene and Fullerenes

• What are the allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?

  Graphene and fullerenes
• What are allotropes?

  Different structural forms of the same element
• What is the physical state of the allotropes discussed?

  Solid carbon
• What is the structure of graphene made up of?

  Multiple repeating hexagons
• How are the carbon atoms in graphene bonded?

  Each carbon is bonded to three others
• Why is graphene strong?

  Due to its hexagonal structure
• What property allows graphene to conduct electricity?

  Delocalized pool of electrons
• How is graphene obtained?

  From the ground in the form of graphite
• What can scientists create from graphene sheets?

  Tubes and curved sheets
• What shapes can fullerenes take?

  Spheres and tubes
• How can fullerenes be used in drug delivery?

  They can act like a cage around drugs
• Why are fullerenes useful as industrial catalysts?

  They have a large surface area to volume ratio
• What are carbon nanotubes used for?

  Nanotechnology and electronics
• How do carbon nanotubes strengthen materials?

  By having a high length to diameter ratio
• What is the first fullerene made?

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What is the chemical formula of buckminsterfullerene?

  C$_{60}$
• What is the term for technology using tiny structures like fullerenes?

  Nanotechnology
• In which industries is nanotechnology being used?

  Medicine, batteries, food, and fashion
• What are the main uses of fullerenes?

  • Drug delivery systems
  • Industrial catalysts
  • Strengthening materials
  • Applications in nanotechnology and electronics
• What are the key characteristics of graphene and fullerenes?

  • Graphene: strong, conductive, hexagonal structure
  • Fullerenes: hollow shapes, large surface area, used in various applications