ATOMIC STRUCTURE

• What is the meaning of the Greek word "atom"?

  Uncuttable
• Compounds are formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

  True
• The periodic table lists all known elements
• Protons are located in the nucleus
• What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?

  Protons, neutrons, electrons
• Protons have a mass of 1 and a charge of +1.


  True
• Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
• What is the mass and charge of a neutron?

  Mass = 1, charge = 0
• What is the mass and charge of an electron?

  Mass is negligible, charge = -1
• The mass number of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons
• The atomic number of an element tells us the number of protons in an atom.


  True
• How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

  Mass number - atomic number
• Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen chemically bonded together.

  True
• Water has the chemical formula H2O
• What is the chemical formula for oxygen gas?

  O2
• Carbon dioxide has the chemical formula CO2
• Nitrogen gas has the chemical formula N2.

  True
• What is the chemical formula for hydrogen gas?

  H2
• Hydrochloric acid has the chemical formula HCl
• What is the chemical formula for ammonia?

  NH3
• Sulfuric acid has the chemical formula H2SO4.


  True
• Distillation is a method used to separate liquids by their different boiling
• What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

  Pure substance: single type of atom, compound; Mixture: two or more substances combined
• Evaporation involves removing a liquid to leave behind dissolved solids.


  True
• What does filtration separate in a mixture?

  Large solid particles
• Fractional distillation is used to separate liquids with close boiling points.
• Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment disproved the plum pudding model of the atom.


  True
• What did Rutherford discover in his gold foil experiment?

  The nucleus
• Bohr developed the nuclear model of the atom based on Rutherford's findings.

  True
• The plum pudding model suggested a cloud of positive charge with negative electrons scattered throughout, similar to a Christmas pudding
• Groups in the periodic table indicate the number of electrons in the outer shell
• What is the role of Chadwick in atomic theory?

  He discovered neutrons
• Which group in the periodic table has elements with one electron in their outer shell?

  Group 1
• Periods in the periodic table relate to the number of electron shells in an atom.


  True
• How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?

  2
• The third shell of an atom can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

  True
• The second shell of an atom can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
• The electronic configuration of sodium (atomic number 11) is 2,8,1
• What is the electronic configuration of magnesium (atomic number 12)?

  2,8,2
• Atoms are electrically neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons.


  True