circulatory system

• chambers of the heart:

  A) right atrium

  
• On each side of the heart, the atrium and ventricle are separated by a valve, which prevents the blood from flowing backwards
• chambers of the heart:

  A) left ventricle

  
• The left ventricle has thicker walls because it has to pump blood all the way around the body
• Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs:

  • pulmonary artery
• journey of blood around the body:Body tissues ➔ vena cava ➔ right atrium➔ right ventricle ➔ pulmonary artery ➔ lungs ➔  ➔ left atrium ➔ left ventricle ➔ aorta ➔ body tissues
• Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body:

  • aorta
• Pacemaker cells are found in which chamber of the heart:

  • right atrium
• The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients
• chamber of the heart:

  A) left atrium

  
• chambers of the heart:

  A) right ventricle

  
• arteries carry blood away from the heart
• veins carry blood into the heart
• structure and function of the arteries:

  • small lumen for higher pressure of blood
  • thick muscular to withstand the pressure
• structure and function of capillaries:

  • one cell thick, for short distance to diffuse
  • lots of capillaries for more diffusion
• structure and function of veins:

  • valves to prevent backflow of blood
  • large lumen
  • carry blood into the heart
• blood vessels:

  A) capillaries

  B) artery

  C) vein

  
• role of red blood cells:

  • carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
• Red blood cells are packed full of a large proteins called haemoglobin, which bind to oxygen
• How are red blood cells adapted for their function?

  • They have spherical shape to fit in more haemoglobin
  • They have a biconcave shape to increase their surface area
• role of white blood cells:

  • to defend against pathogens
• phagocytosis is the process by which a white blood cell binds to, and then engulfs a pathogen, in order to destroy it
• How do antibodies help defend against pathogens:

  • They bind to pathogens and help immune cells destroy them
• roles of platelets:

  • clot the blood then the blood vessel breaks
• role of plasma:

  • carry substances and cells around the body