AO3

• What does Loftus believe about leading questions?

  They can strongly influence witness responses
• How can research into eyewitness testimony benefit the legal system?

  By improving questioning and reducing wrongful arrests
• What is a strength of the theory related to eyewitness testimony?

  It can reduce wrongful arrests and save resources
• What type of stimuli did participants watch in the Loftus and Palmer study?

  Film clips of car accidents
• Why is the use of film clips a limitation in the Loftus and Palmer study?

  They lack the stress of real accidents
• What does the limitation of artificial stimuli imply about ecological validity?

  The findings cannot be generalized to real life
• Who argued that lab study answers are influenced by demand characteristics?

  Zaragoza and McCloskey
• What do participants often do when they don't know an answer in lab studies?

  They guess to be helpful
• How do demand characteristics affect the internal validity of Loftus-Palmer’s study?

  They reduce the study's internal validity
• What age groups did Anastasi and Rhodes study?

  18-25, 35-45, and 55-78
• What task were participants asked to perform in Anastasi and Rhodes' study?

  Rate individuals for attractiveness
• What was found regarding age groups' performance in recognizing photos?

  Younger groups performed better than older ones
• What limitation does the study by Anastasi and Rhodes reveal about eyewitness testimony research?

  It often uses younger participants only
• How do individual differences impact eyewitness testimony according to the study?

  They can lead to biased recollections
• Who conducted a study on conformity or contamination in eyewitness testimony?

  Skagerberg and Wright
• What did participants in Skagerberg and Wright's study do after watching different versions of a film clip?

  They discussed the clips in pairs
• What does the blending of details in eyewitness testimony suggest?

  Details become mixed with personal recollections
• What limitation does the blending of details indicate about eyewitness testimony theory?

  It does not fully explain post-event discussion effects