3.3.7 Representing sound

• Amplitude is the height of the wave and determines the loudness
• What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

  Inversely proportional
• The number of samples taken per second is called the sampling rate
• What is the trade-off between sampling quality and storage space?

  Higher quality requires more storage
• What unit is used to measure frequency?

  Hertz (Hz)
• Quantization converts continuous analog amplitude values into discrete digital levels.


  True
• Match the sampling resolution in bits with its key properties:

  8 bits ↔️ Lower storage, potential distortion

  16 bits ↔️ Good balance between accuracy and storage

  24 bits ↔️ High accuracy, minimal distortion
• The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness, measured in decibels (dB).
• The wavelength of a sound wave is inversely proportional to its frequency.
• What is the process of converting analog sound waves into digital data called?

  Sampling
• A higher sampling rate captures more detail and results in better sound quality.

  True
• Higher sampling resolutions during quantization result in a more accurate representation of the original sound.


  True
• Higher sampling resolution increases storage and processing requirements.
• What is the first step in Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)?

  Sampling
• The key steps in PCM are:

  1️⃣ Sampling

  2️⃣ Quantization

  3️⃣ Encoding
• The quality of PCM-encoded audio is influenced by the sampling rate and sampling resolution
• Higher sampling resolution in PCM provides greater accuracy in representing amplitude.


  True
• What is the primary tradeoff between WAV and MP3 audio formats?

  Storage requirements vs sound quality
• Sound waves are oscillations of air pressure that carry sound through a medium.


  True
• The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness
• Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency in sound waves.

  True
• The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness
• What unit measures the frequency of sound waves?

  Hertz
• Match the sound wave property with its effect on sound:

  Amplitude ↔️ Loudness

  Frequency ↔️ Pitch

  Wavelength ↔️ Pitch (inversely)
• Sampling enables the digitization of continuous sound waves.
• What is measured by the sampling rate of an audio signal?

  Samples per second
• The number of bits used to represent each sample is called the sampling resolution.
• Order the key aspects of sampling by their impact on sound quality:

  1️⃣ Sampling Rate (Hz)

  2️⃣ Sampling Resolution (Bits)
• A sampling resolution of 8 bits provides 256 discrete levels.


  True
• Match the sampling resolution with its advantages and disadvantages:

  8 bits ↔️ Lower storage requirements, simpler processing ||| Lower accuracy, potential for distortion

  16 bits ↔️ Good balance between accuracy and storage ||| Slightly higher storage and processing needs

  24 bits ↔️ High accuracy, minimal distortion ||| Higher storage and processing demands
• Order the steps in Pulse Code Modulation (PCM):

  1️⃣ Sampling

  2️⃣ Quantization

  3️⃣ Encoding
• In PCM, a higher sampling rate captures more detail in the audio signal.
• WAV files are smaller than MP3 files.

  False
• MP3 files use lossy compression to reduce file size.
• The sampling rate of a WAV file is typically 44.1 kHz.
• Lossless compression reduces file size by removing inaudible frequencies.

  False
• Match the compression technique with its common format:

  Lossless ↔️ FLAC

  Lossy ↔️ MP3
• Lossless compression preserves all original audio data.


  True
• Arrange the following bit depths by their dynamic range from lowest to highest:

  1️⃣ 16-bit

  2️⃣ 24-bit
• A higher bit depth provides a wider dynamic range.