19.2.2 Mass Spectrometry

• In mass spectrometry, molecules are converted into ions using techniques such as electron ionization or electrospray ionization
• The detector in mass spectrometry measures the abundance of each ion.


  True
• What type of compounds is electron ionization suitable for analyzing?

  Small, volatile, stable
• Electron ionization involves forming charged droplets from a solution.

  False
• Match the mass analyzer type with its principle:

  Quadrupole ↔️ Oscillating electric fields

  Time-of-Flight (TOF) ↔️ Measures ion travel time

  Magnetic Sector ↔️ Magnetic field deflects ions
• Mass spectrometry is used to analyze the mass-to-charge ratio of ions
• In mass spectrometry, ions are separated based on their m/z
• MALDI is commonly coupled with TOF mass analyzers.
• Electrospray ionization creates gaseous ions by evaporating charged droplets.


  True
• After ionization, ions are accelerated through an electric field to ensure they have the same kinetic energy
• A magnetic sector mass analyzer uses a magnetic field to deflect ions based on their m/z.


  True
• Match the detector type with its principle:

  Electron Multiplier ↔️ Releases electrons in a cascade

  Faraday Cup ↔️ Ions directly deposit charge
• The base peak in a mass spectrum represents the most stable ion formed.


  True
• Steps in the mass spectrometry process:

  1️⃣ Ionization

  2️⃣ Mass analysis

  3️⃣ Detection
• What type of compounds is Electron Ionization (EI) suitable for analyzing?

  Small, volatile, thermally stable organic compounds
• Electrospray Ionization (ESI) is suitable for analyzing proteins and peptides.


  True
• Ions are accelerated through an electric field to ensure they have the same kinetic energy
• The Quadrupole mass analyzer has a limited mass range.


  True
• The Electron Multiplier has a short lifespan due to its high sensitivity.


  True
• What does the Base Peak represent in a mass spectrum?

  The most stable ion
• What is one application of mass spectrometry in forensics?

  Identifying components in mixtures
• Isotopic analysis using mass spectrometry is used in archaeology for dating materials.


  True
• What does mass spectrometry analyze?

  Mass-to-charge ratio
• Steps involved in mass spectrometry

  1️⃣ Ionization

  2️⃣ Mass analysis

  3️⃣ Detection
• Match the ionization technique with its corresponding mass analyzer:

  Electron Ionization (EI) ↔️ Quadrupole, Magnetic Sector

  Electrospray Ionization (ESI) ↔️ Quadrupole, Time-of-Flight

  MALDI ↔️ Time-of-Flight
• Electrospray ionization is used for analyzing biomolecules like proteins and peptides
• Why are ions accelerated through an electric field in mass spectrometry?

  To ensure equal kinetic energy
• Which mass analyzer has a high mass range but lower resolution?

  Time-of-Flight (TOF)
• Electron ionization (EI) converts molecules into ions by bombarding them with high-energy electrons.


  True
• Match the ionization technique with the appropriate mass analyzer:

  Electron Ionization (EI) ↔️ Quadrupole, Magnetic Sector

  Electrospray Ionization (ESI) ↔️ Quadrupole, Time-of-Flight
• Electron ionization is suitable for analyzing large, polar biomolecules.

  False
• Match the ionization method with its characteristics:

  Electron Ionization (EI) ↔️ High-energy electron bombardment

  Electrospray Ionization (ESI) ↔️ Charged droplet evaporation
• Time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzers have higher resolution than quadrupoles.

  False
• The detector in mass spectrometry measures the abundance of each ion based on its m/z.
• The molecular ion peak (M⁺) in a mass spectrum provides the molecular weight of the compound.
• Fragment ion peaks in a mass spectrum help in determining the structure of the compound.
• The choice of ionization technique and mass analyzer depends on the sample and information required.


  True
• In Electron Ionization (EI), molecules lose an electron due to high-energy electron bombardment
• What type of ions are formed in Electrospray Ionization (ESI)?

  Gaseous ions
• What is the principle of the Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass analyzer?

  Measures time for ions