9.4 Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids

• What is the general formula for alcohols?

  R-OH
• The functional group in alcohols is the hydroxyl group.
• Carboxylic acids have the general formula R-COOH.

  True
• The carboxyl group in carboxylic acids gives them their acidic properties.


  True
• The general formula for carboxylic acids is R-COOH, where R represents an alkyl group.
• In IUPAC nomenclature, the -e ending of the parent alkane is replaced with -ol for alcohols.


  True
• What is the first step in naming alcohols using IUPAC nomenclature?

  Identify longest carbon chain
• The -e ending of the parent alkane is replaced with -ol
• The hydroxyl group's position in an alcohol is indicated with a number before -ol.


  True
• Steps to name alcohols using IUPAC nomenclature

  1️⃣ Identify the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group

  2️⃣ Number the carbon atoms from the end closest to the hydroxyl group

  3️⃣ Name the parent alkane

  4️⃣ Replace the -e ending with -ol

  5️⃣ Indicate the hydroxyl group's position with a number

  6️⃣ Name and number any other substituents
• The general formula for alcohols is R-OH.


  True
• Carboxylic acids have the general formula R-COOH
• What is the functional group in alcohols?

  Hydroxyl (-OH)
• The general formula for carboxylic acids is R-COOH.


  True
• Match the property with the correct functional group:

  Functional Group of Alcohols ↔️ Hydroxyl (-OH)

  Functional Group of Carboxylic Acids ↔️ Carboxyl (-COOH)
• Steps to name alcohols using IUPAC nomenclature

  1️⃣ Identify the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group

  2️⃣ Number the carbon atoms from the end closest to the hydroxyl group

  3️⃣ Name the parent alkane

  4️⃣ Replace the -e ending with -ol

  5️⃣ Indicate the hydroxyl group's position with a number

  6️⃣ Name and number any other substituents
• What is the IUPAC name for CH3-OH?

  Methanol
• What is the IUPAC name for CH3CH2-OH?

  Ethanol
• To name carboxylic acids, replace the -e ending of the parent alkane with -oic acid
• Match the functional group with the corresponding ending:

  Hydroxyl (-OH) ↔️ -ol

  Carboxyl (-COOH) ↔️ -oic acid
• Steps to name carboxylic acids using IUPAC nomenclature:

  1️⃣ Identify the longest carbon chain with -COOH

  2️⃣ Number the carbon atoms from -COOH end

  3️⃣ Name the parent alkane

  4️⃣ Replace -e with -oic acid

  5️⃣ Indicate the position of -COOH

  6️⃣ Name and number substituents
• Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding and the carboxyl group.
• Carboxylic acids are acidic due to the presence of the carboxyl group.


  True
• Match the reaction with its corresponding outcome:

  Alcohols with oxidation ↔️ Aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids

  Carboxylic acids with neutralization ↔️ Salts and water
• The boiling point of carboxylic acids is higher than alcohols due to the stronger hydrogen bonding and the carboxyl group.
• Smaller carboxylic acids are soluble in water, but solubility decreases with increasing alkyl chain length.


  True
• Carboxylic acids have the general formula R-COOH and contain a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group.


  True
• Match the general formula with the functional group:

  R-OH ↔️ Hydroxyl (-OH)

  R-COOH ↔️ Carboxyl (-COOH)
• Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl (-COOH) functional group
• Steps to name alcohols using IUPAC nomenclature

  1️⃣ Identify the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group

  2️⃣ Number the carbon atoms starting closest to the hydroxyl group

  3️⃣ Name the parent alkane based on the longest carbon chain

  4️⃣ Replace the -e ending with -ol

  5️⃣ Indicate the position of the hydroxyl group

  6️⃣ Name and number any other substituents
• What is the IUPAC name for CH3-OH?

  Methanol
• What is the IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2-OH?

  Propan-1-ol
• What is the IUPAC name for CH3CH(OH)CH3?

  Propan-2-ol
• Steps to name carboxylic acids using IUPAC nomenclature

  1️⃣ Identify the longest carbon chain including the carboxyl group

  2️⃣ Number the carbon atoms starting from the carboxyl carbon

  3️⃣ Name the parent alkane based on the longest carbon chain

  4️⃣ Replace the -e ending with -oic acid

  5️⃣ Name and number any other substituents
• Match the functional group with the correct ending in IUPAC nomenclature:

  Hydroxyl (-OH) ↔️ -ol

  Carboxyl (-COOH) ↔️ -oic acid
• Carboxylic acids have a higher boiling point than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding.


  True
• What reaction forms esters from alcohols and carboxylic acids?

  Esterification
• Carboxylic acids can be reduced to primary alcohols using strong reducing agents.

  True
• Carboxylic acids react with bases to form salts and water
• The carboxyl group in carboxylic acids makes them acidic.


  True