Transition metals have fully filled or empty d-orbitals.
False
Transition metals are effective catalysts in chemical reactions.
True
In which process is iron used as a catalyst?
Haber process
Transition metal compounds are typically colorless.
False
Transition metals have unique electronic configurations due to their partially filled d-orbitals
Transition metals can only form ions with a single oxidation state.
False
During ionization, electrons are removed from the outermost s and d orbitals.
What is a unique property of transition metals regarding oxidation states?
Variable oxidation states
What feature of transition metals allows them to form colored compounds?
Partially filled d-orbitals
Transition metals have high melting and boiling points compared to other metals.
True
The variable oxidation states and partially filled d-orbitals of transition metals lead to their unique chemical properties.
True
Which oxidation states can iron (Fe) exist in?
+2 or +3
What are transition metals defined by in the periodic table?
Variable oxidation states
What is the catalytic activity of alkali metals compared to transition metals?
Low
Transition metals often form colored compounds due to partially filled d-orbitals
Order the steps of electron removal during ionization in transition metals.
1️⃣ Electrons removed from outermost s-orbitals
2️⃣ Electrons removed from d-orbitals
What causes transition metals to have unique electronic configurations?
Partially filled d-orbitals
The stability of half-filled and fully filled d-orbitals influences the order of electron removal during ionization.
True
Iron (Fe) can exist in oxidation states of +2 (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) or +3 (Fe<sup>3+</sup>), while sodium (Na) only has an oxidation state of +1.
Transition metals have fixed oxidation states like other metals.
False
What two features of transition metals give them their distinctive chemical properties?
Variable oxidation states and partially filled d-orbitals
Transition metals can form colored compounds due to the presence of partially filled d-orbitals.
What is the catalytic activity of transition metals compared to other metals?
High
Which orbitals are involved in electron removal during ionization of transition metals?
Outermost s and d orbitals
Transition metals form colored compounds because their partially filled d-orbitals absorb specific wavelengths of light.
The partially filled d-orbitals in transition metals can absorb specific wavelengths of light
Match the property with the correct metal type:
Oxidation States ↔️ Variable for transition metals, fixed for others
Compound Color ↔️ Colored for transition metals, typically colorless for others
What are the molecules or ions that surround a transition metal ion in a complex ion called?
Ligands
Complex ions are formed when ligands donate electron pairs to the central metal ion
True
What is the phase of the catalyst in heterogeneous catalysis compared to the reactants?
Different phase
Transition metals have fixed oxidation states
False
When iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) coordinates with six water molecules (H<sub>2</sub>O), it forms the hexaaquairon(II) complex [Fe(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. The water molecules act as ligands
Steps involved in homogeneous catalysis
1️⃣ Catalyst is in the same phase as reactants
2️⃣ Catalyst lowers activation energy
3️⃣ Reaction proceeds faster
Acid or base catalysis in aqueous solutions is an example of homogeneous catalysis
True
Transition metals like platinum (Pt) and nickel (Ni) are often used as catalysts
What is iron (Fe) used for in the Haber process?
Catalyst
Titanium (Ti) is used in aircraft due to its strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility
Which transition metal is employed in catalytic converters to reduce vehicle emissions?
Platinum (Pt)
Copper (Cu) is used in electrical wiring due to its high electrical conductivity