What is the defining characteristic of chemical equilibrium?
Equal forward and reverse rates
Chemical equilibrium is a static process with no ongoing reactions.
False
Which factors can influence the equilibrium position?
Temperature and pressure
Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process with continuous forward and reverse reactions
Consider the reaction \(A \rightleftharpoons B\). Order the steps to describe the equilibrium condition:
1️⃣ Rate of A to B equals rate of B to A
2️⃣ Equilibrium ratio [A]/[B] remains constant
Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will adjust to counteract the stress and establish a new equilibrium.
True
Match the stress with its effect on equilibrium:
Increased Reactant Concentration ↔️ Shifts to Products
Increased Temperature ↔️ Favors Endothermic Reactions
Increased Pressure ↔️ Favors Fewer Gas Molecules
What type of reaction is favored by increasing temperature?
Endothermic
Increasing pressure in a reaction favors the side with fewer gas molecules
In the reaction \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g) + heat\), what happens to equilibrium if temperature increases?
Shifts to the left
What is the equilibrium ratio in the reaction \(A \rightleftharpoons B\) if the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal?
[A]/[B]
What is the key principle of Le Chatelier's Principle?
Counteract applied stress
Match the stress with its effect on product yield:
Higher Reactant Concentration ↔️ Increases Yield
Elevated Temperature ↔️ Boosts Endothermic Reactions
Higher reactant concentration leads to increased product yield
Increased temperature favors endothermic reactions at equilibrium.
Match the factor with its effect on equilibrium:
Increased Temperature ↔️ Favors endothermic reactions
Increased Pressure ↔️ Favors fewer gas molecules
Increased Reactant Concentration ↔️ Shifts to products
Increased pressure in the reaction \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g) + heat\) shifts equilibrium to the right.
In a reversible reaction at dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
Increasing reactant concentration in a reversible reaction increases product yield.
True
In a reversible reaction at dynamic equilibrium, the ratio of reactants and products remains stable.
Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process with continuous forward and reverse reactions.
What is Le Chatelier's Principle?
Counteract change to equilibrium
Increasing the pressure in the reaction \(A(g) + B(g) \rightleftharpoons C(g)\) increases [C] because there are fewer gas molecules on the product side.
True
Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules.
Elevated pressure increases yield for reactions where reactants combine into fewer gas molecules
What effect does higher reactant concentration have on product yield?
Increases product yield
What effect does elevated temperature have on the yield of endothermic reactions?
Boosts yield
Elevated pressure increases yield for reactions where reactants combine into fewer gas molecules.
True
Match the factor with its effect on product yield:
Increased Temperature ↔️ Increases if reaction is endothermic
Increased Pressure ↔️ Increases if reactants combine into fewer gas molecules
Increased Reactant Concentration ↔️ Increases
How does higher reactant concentration affect product yield?
Increases product yield
Elevated temperature increases product yield for exothermic reactions.
False
Chemical equilibrium is influenced by temperature and pressure.
True
At chemical equilibrium, reactants and products remain present in specific proportions
Increasing pressure favors the side with more gas molecules.
False
In the reaction \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g) + heat\), what happens to product yield if pressure increases?
Increases
Increasing reactant concentration shifts equilibrium to products.
True
What happens to the equilibrium in the reaction \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g) + heat\) when the temperature is increased?
Shifts left
What happens to the product yield in the reaction \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g) + heat\) when the concentration of \(N_2\) is increased?
Increases
What is dynamic equilibrium in a reversible reaction?
Equal forward and reverse rates
What happens to the equilibrium position in the reaction \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g) + heat\) when the temperature is decreased?