4.1 Reactivity of Metals

• Potassium has a lower ionization energy than magnesium.


  True
• Which factor affects metal reactivity by determining how easily valence electrons are lost?

  Ionization energy
• Copper does not react with oxygen or water under normal conditions.


  True
• What fundamental concept is highlighted by the metal reactivity table?

  Reactivity series
• Alkali metals with one valence electron are highly reactive.

  True
• Rank the following metals from highest to lowest reactivity based on the reactivity series:

  1️⃣ Potassium

  2️⃣ Sodium

  3️⃣ Lithium

  4️⃣ Magnesium

  5️⃣ Iron

  6️⃣ Copper
• Alkali metals react violently with water, while transition metals react slowly or not at all.


  True
• What does the reactivity of a metal refer to?

  Tendency to lose electrons
• Metals with fewer valence electrons are more reactive.


  True
• What does the reactivity of a metal refer to?

  Tendency to lose electrons
• Metals with fewer valence electrons are generally more reactive
• What is ionization energy?

  Energy to remove an electron
• Metals with smaller charge densities react more readily
• Lithium is more reactive than potassium.

  False
• Match the metal with its reactivity:

  Potassium ↔️ Highest

  Magnesium ↔️ Medium

  Iron ↔️ Low
• Iron has a low reactivity
• Order the factors that affect metal reactivity:

  1️⃣ Electronic Configuration

  2️⃣ Ionization Energy

  3️⃣ Charge Density
• Which group of metals has just one valence electron and is highly reactive?

  Alkali metals
• Why do larger atoms with more diffuse electron clouds have lower charge densities?

  Charge is spread over a larger volume
• The reactivity of iron is considered low
• Match the metal with its ionization energy:

  Potassium ↔️ 419 kJ/mol

  Magnesium ↔️ 738 kJ/mol

  Iron ↔️ 762 kJ/mol
• Sodium has a higher ionization energy than potassium.


  True
• What is the electronic configuration of Lithium (Li)?

  [He] 2s¹
• The reactivity of a metal is determined by its tendency to lose electrons
• Which metal has the lowest ionization energy among those listed?

  Potassium
• Arrange the following metals in order of their reactivity, from highest to lowest: Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Magnesium, Iron

  1️⃣ Potassium

  2️⃣ Sodium

  3️⃣ Lithium

  4️⃣ Magnesium

  5️⃣ Iron
• Iron forms rust in the presence of oxygen and water
• Why is Potassium more reactive than Magnesium based on ionization energy?

  Lower ionization energy
• Match the metal with its reaction with water:

  Sodium ↔️ Reacts vigorously to form hydrogen and metallic hydroxide

  Iron ↔️ Forms rust over time

  Copper ↔️ Does not react
• Metals with more valence electrons are more reactive.

  False
• Why do metals with lower charge densities react more readily?

  Larger atoms, diffuse electrons
• Alkali metals have one valence electron and are highly reactive.


  True
• Steps in a reduction reaction during metal extraction

  1️⃣ Metal ion gains electrons

  2️⃣ Oxidation state decreases

  3️⃣ Pure metal is formed
• In the extraction of iron, carbon monoxide (CO) acts as the reducing agent
• What is the oxidizing agent in the reduction of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)?

  Fe₂O₃
• The reduction of iron oxide produces iron and carbon dioxide.


  True
• Which alkali metal is the most reactive?

  Potassium
• The reactivity of copper is considered low
• What is the ionization energy of Magnesium (Mg)?

  738 kJ/mol
• Metals with fewer valence electrons are generally more reactive.


  True