11.3.1 Experiments

• What is the role of the independent variable in an experiment?

  It is manipulated by the researcher
• The dependent variable is measured to see the effect of changes to the independent variable.
• What is the purpose of a research question in designing an experiment?

  To guide the investigation
• Match the hypothesis type with its description:

  Null Hypothesis (H0) ↔️ States there is no relationship

  Alternative Hypothesis (H1) ↔️ States there is a relationship
• Participants in the control group receive the experimental treatment.

  False
• What does proper data collection ensure in an experiment?

  Reliable and valid results
• Reliability ensures data is consistent, while validity ensures it measures what it intends to.consistent
• The dependent variable is measured to see the effect of changes to the independent variable.

  True
• Comparing the experimental and control groups helps establish cause-and-effect relationships.


  True
• A null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
• Written questions given to participants are called questionnaires.
• What type of data involves numerical measurements?

  Quantitative data
• What determines the type of statistical test used in an experiment?

  Type of data collected
• An experiment in psychological research investigates cause-and-effect relationships between the independent and dependent variables.
• The experimental group in an experiment receives the experimental treatment
• Comparing the results of the control and experimental groups allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships.


  True
• The dependent variable is measured to see the effect of changes to the independent variable
• Comparing the experimental and control groups helps researchers determine the effect of the IV on the DV.


  True
• What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in experimental design?

  States no relationship
• What does proper data collection in experiments ensure?

  Reliable and valid results
• Questionnaires are an efficient and anonymous method for collecting data
• What is a disadvantage of using interviews for data collection?

  Time-consuming
• What is a disadvantage of using standardized tests for data collection?

  Cultural bias
• Quantitative data is numerical, while qualitative data is descriptive.

  True
• After collecting data, researchers use statistical methods to determine if the independent variable affected the dependent
• What does it mean for a statistical difference to be statistically significant?

  Unlikely to occur by chance
• A t-test compares the means of two groups to see if they are significantly different
• What statistical test analyzes the variance between multiple groups?

  ANOVA
• If the statistical analysis shows statistically significant differences, researchers can establish a cause-and-effect relationship.


  True
• What is one aspect researchers must discuss when drawing conclusions from an experiment?

  Limitations of the study
• The introduction section of a research report presents the research question and hypotheses
• Match the research report section with its description:

  Introduction ↔️ Research question

  Method ↔️ Experimental design

  Results ↔️ Statistical analysis

  Discussion ↔️ Limitations
• What is the purpose of an experiment in psychological research?

  Investigate cause-and-effect relationships
• The control group in an experiment does not receive the experimental treatment
• The experimental group in an experiment receives the manipulation of the independent variable.


  True
• Which variable does the researcher manipulate in an experiment?

  Independent variable
• The researcher measures the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
• Comparing the results of the control and experimental groups allows researchers to determine the effect of the IV on the DV.

  True
• Match the group with its description:

  Experimental Group ↔️ Receives the experimental treatment

  Control Group ↔️ Does not receive the treatment
• By comparing the results of the experimental and control groups, researchers can establish cause-and-effect relationships.


  True